[CVRC] The ARRL Letter, Vol 26, No 35 (Friday, August 31, 2007)

ARRL Letter Mailing List letter-dlvy at arrl.org
Sat Sep 1 00:01:23 EDT 2007


***************
The ARRL Letter
Vol. 26, No. 35
August 31, 2007
***************

IN THIS EDITION:

* + FCC Issues Two Citations in Longstanding Power Line Noise Case
* + Tennessee Amateur Finds Innovative Way to Promote Ham Radio
* + Michigan Hams Activated Due to Storms and Tornado
* + ARRL Announces New Fall Publications
* + Lab Testing Changes Detailed in October QST
* + ARRL Continues Efforts on Interference to PAVE PAWS Radar Sites
*   Solar Update
*  IN BRIEF:
       This Weekend on the Radio
       ARRL Continuing Education Course Registration
     + ARRL Headquarters Closed in Observance of Labor Day
     + Upcoming Meteor Shower Can Be Boon for VHFers
       ARRL/TAPR Digital Communications Conference Sunday Seminar Announced
       Malaysia to Celebrate 50 Years of Independence with Amateur Radio Event
       QEX -- In This Issue
       Let Us Know


+Available on ARRL Audio News <http://www.arrl.org/arrlletter/audio/>

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==> FCC ISSUES TWO CITATIONS IN LONGSTANDING POWER LINE NOISE CASE

The Federal Communications Commission's Dallas 
Field Office issued Citations on July 25 to two 
utilities in a longstanding power line noise case 
in Lubbock, Texas. Bryan Edwards, W5KFT, of 
Lubbock, first reported the interference 
concerning the two involved utilities, Lubbock 
Power & Light (LP&L) and Xcel Energy, as early as 
1994. The record shows that the FCC Dallas Field 
Office clarified the FCC rules with regard to 
power line noise for LP&L as early as 1998, and 
issued three letters to LP&L in 2003 and 2004. 
Xcel Energy was first issued an FCC letter in 2004.

The Citations to the Lubbock utilities said that 
due to an investigation conducted by the FCC's 
Dallas office May 22-25, 2007, they found that 
both LP&L and Xcel "caused harmful interference 
to the reception of amateur communications to 
amateur licensee W5KFT in Lubbock, Texas," and 
that "Section 15.209 sets the general radiated 
emission limits for intentional radiators. The 
limit for the band 30 to 88 MHz is 100 
micro-volts per meter measured at 3 meters. The 
attached list of strong electrical arcing points 
appears to exceed the value allowed even for 
intentional radiators." The list, attached to 
each Citation, included 44 separate "strong 
electrical arcing points" that were found near Edwards' home.

The FCC directed both LP&L and Xcel, pursuant to 
the Commission's Rules, to provide documents and 
information within 10 days of their respective 
Citations. "Because the source of harmful 
interference is emanating from more than one 
power company and past attempts have not resolved 
the problem, you must submit a written plan 
describing the planned resolution of this case," 
including LP&L's coordination with Xcel Energy 
and Xcel's coordination with LP&L, according to 
the Citations. Also, each company is "directed to 
provide a report every sixty (60) days, of work 
completed to resolve the interference until your 
distribution system is in compliance."

Each Lubbock utility was warned that 
"[v]iolations of the Act or the Commission's 
Rules may subject the violator to substantial 
monetary forfeitures, seizure of equipment 
through in rem forfeiture action, and criminal 
sanctions, including imprisonment." In rem is a 
civil forfeiture proceeding as opposed to a criminal forfeiture proceeding.

In its undated Response to the FCC's Citation, 
LP&L stated that it "does not admit to and 
specifically denies any violation of the 
[Communications] Act [of 1934] or any rule 
pertaining thereto," but "in order to comply with 
the...Citation, the City of Lubbock files this 
response." As a result of the Citations issued by 
the FCC, LP&L's Response stated that 
representatives from "Lubbock Power & Light met 
with Paul Leonard, P.E., Area Engineer with Xcel 
Energy to discuss the alleged findings regarding 
harmful interference to the reception of amateur 
communications by amateur licensee W5KFT in Lubbock, Texas."

Xcel's Response pointed out that the Citation 
acknowledges "that the source of harmful 
interference to amateur licensee W5KFT is 
emanating from more than one power company." Xcel 
also alleges that it "has been working with 
amateur W5KFT for a number of years in an effort 
to identify the source of, and a possible 
resolution for, the harmful interference he is 
experiencing. Xcel Energy has a good working 
relationship with the licensee and has 
coordinated with him on numerous occasions in 
attempting to resolve his interference problems."

Xcel goes on to assure the FCC that it will 
"retain an outside technical consultant to 
provide an unbiased assessment of whether the 
harmful interference to W5KFT is attributable to 
Xcel Energy's power system and if so, what 
corrective measures would be required." Edwards 
reported that on Thursday, August 30, he received 
a phone call from Paul Leonard, head of Xcel 
Energy in West Texas. Edwards said he was told 
that Xcel has contracted with Mike Martin, K3RFI, 
to come out to Lubbock in October to work on the 
line noise. "Leonard said they tried to get LP&L 
to participate with them and Mike, but they 
refused to do so," Edwards said. Martin owns and 
operates RFI Services, a firm dedicated 
exclusively to RFI locating and training. He has 
been locating interference sources for more than 
25 years, solving an average of 500 complaints a 
year, according to the ARRL Lab. Martin has also 
given power line interference workshops at ARRL Headquarters.

ARRL Lab Manager Ed Hare, W1RFI, said, "I am 
pleased to see the FCC taking a strong 
enforcement step in this case. It has gone on for 
a long time, and this Citation should serve to 
finally get things resolved. It is unfortunate 
that some of the power line cases the ARRL is 
handling can't be resolved without the FCC taking 
formal action, but I expect that electric 
utilities across the country will now take notice of this case."

Most power line noise sources in fact can be 
located quickly and economically, Gruber said; 
many utilities in fact handle power line noise 
complaints as a matter of routine maintenance. 
"All it takes is a properly trained RFI 
investigator with modern noise locating 
equipment. By using noise signature techniques, 
the utilities would have had only to address 
those sources actually contributing to the 
problem. The message to utilities here is clear. 
Don't ignore power line noise complaints! Don't make the FCC get involved!"

For more information on this story, as well as 
links to the ARRL report, the FCC's Citations and 
the utilities' Responses, please see the ARRL Web 
site <http://www.arrl.org/news/stories/2007/08/30/100/?nc=1>.

==> TENNESSEE AMATEUR FINDS INNOVATIVE WAY TO PROMOTE HAM RADIO

About three years ago, Cliff Segar, KD4GT, and 
his wife Kati were looking for another place to 
live. After months of looking, they found their 
dream house in Rockwood, Tennessee. There was 
just one problem -- it was right on Interstate 40.

Two billboards were located within the Segar's 
new property. "They don't provide much in the way 
of income; basically just paying the annual 
property taxes in 'rural' Tennessee. Of the two 
billboards, Segar said the one "up front (from 
our house perspective)" is the prime space. It is 
larger and lighted and in use. The other 
billboard was not rented, and it was getting run 
down, with brush and trees overtaking its view from the Interstate.

This year, the ground lease for the two 
billboards came up for renewal. Segar said that 
this was his opportunity to do something useful. 
"Basically, the new lease for the previously 
unused billboard stipulated that the billboard 
company had the obligation to keep the brush and 
vegetation clear and, 'when the sign is not sold, 
lessee will agree to provide and install a vinyl 
face advertising Amateur Radio activities.'" 
Segar said that the only way the billboard 
company would agree to this stipulation was if 
they provided the vinyl facing at their expense. 
"This was even better than I thought it would be. 
Since the sign had not been sold at any time in 
the prior three years, I expect to see the sign 
for quite a long time," Segar said.

With the new lease signed, Segar sent an e-mail 
to ARRL Media and Public Relations Manager Allen 
Pitts, W1AGP, to let him know of this exciting 
development. "In case anyone is wondering if 
anyone in Newington reads e-mail, they do -- and 
frequently. In about an hour, Allen called me to 
work out the details," Segar said. Within two 
days, the ARRL graphics department had created 
the design for the vinyl facing.

"The only thing I requested," Segar said, "was to 
have a couple of 2 meter repeater frequencies 
listed for use by those of you driving past. The 
one repeater was basically a must since the Roane 
County Amateur Radio Club, in a moment of 
collective weakness, elected me president for the 
year. The only problem is that KE4RX/r is behind 
anyone who sees the sign. We needed a repeater 
that would continue to work with them for the 
next 30-plus miles." After a few discussions with 
Paul Drothler, WO4U, in Crossville, Tennessee, 
W4NSA/r was deemed the flagship repeater for use 
westbound. According to Segar, it is the primary 
repeater used by ARES during severe weather or 
other emergency situations. "If you are ever on 
I-40 between Cookville and Knoxville, dial in 
146.895, pl 118.8 or 147.015+ and give a call. We 
will try to be listening, but please don't report 
that you caused an emergency slowing down to look at the sign!"

Segar says this billboard is not about him -- it 
is about Amateur Radio and the ways hams can 
promote it: "With the constant pressure from 
commercial interests on the spectrum allocated to 
the Amateur Radio Service, we all need to do 
something to promote the public benefit of the 
Amateur Radio Service. We are to be more than a 
hobby. It is part of our licensing agreement. It 
is even part of our name. We are to be a Service. 
I strongly urge everyone to think seriously about 
how they can be a service to their community 
through Amateur Radio. ARES is a good primary 
start and one that is most visible to the leaders 
of your community. Providing communication at 
public service events is another. But there are 
many more. To use an overworked cliché, think 
outside the box. Become involved. Getting a DXCC 
or WAS award is great. A 5BDXCC shows even more 
dedication but it really doesn't help 'pay' for 
the spectrum we enjoy. Your city mayor or county 
supervisors really don't care that y!
  ou managed to work Peter I Island on five bands 
at the bottom of the sunspot cycle -- there's 
nothing in it for them. Each of us needs to show 
our elected and appointed officials that Amateur 
Radio really is a high quality and vital Service 
to them. The sooner that happens, the easier it 
will be to put up that new antenna you've been wanting."

He continued: "Be innovative. The great folks in 
Newington are ready, willing and able to help 
you. Join the ARRL and get involved. Join a local 
club. Get active in ARES, RACES or a local CERT 
group. Spend a Saturday with a handheld radio at 
a parade. You and the thousands of other licensed 
operators in the Amateur Radio Service worldwide 
will continue to enjoy the challenges, joys and 
magic of Amateur Radio. This billboard is only 
part of my contribution. What's yours?"

==> MICHIGAN HAMS ACTIVATED DUE TO STORMS AND TORNADO

On Friday, August 24 at 5:15 PM (EDT), the 
National Weather Service issued a severe 
thunderstorm warning for Genesee County. This 
storm produced two tornados in the mid-Michigan 
area that caused severe damage to several towns. 
The greatest damage occurred in the City of 
Fenton located just south of Flint. The NWS 
confirmed that an EF2 tornado had touched down 
and had torn a path 26 miles long and up to 0.5 
miles wide through Livingston, Oakland, Genesee 
and Lapeer County, damaging at least 250 homes 
and businesses. An EF2 tornado, using the 
Enhanced Fujita scale, is a wind estimate of 
110-135 MPH in a three-second gust. More than 
12,000 people lost power due to the storms.

Before the tornado hit, Michigan's Genesee County 
ARES and SKYWARN were activated due to a severe 
thunderstorm watch. The storm moved into the 
county with such heavy rain that visibility 
dropped down to zero at several points. Funnel 
clouds were seen in the western part of the 
county, but these could not be confirmed. The NWS 
issued a Tornado Warning based on confirmed 
sightings in the adjacent counties to the west, 
as well as reports from their Doppler radar.

As spotters continued to watch the storm, Randy 
Bond, N8VDS, spotted the funnel heading for 
Fenton and reported it to the NWS via his ham 
radio; Fred Moses Jr, W8FSM, confirmed the 
sighting. Moments later, the Genesee County 911 
central dispatch center received a call that the 
roof on the brand new Tractor Supply Company 
store in Fenton had caved in and that the tornado 
had touched down. About half of the Fenton 
Community Center's roof was blown off, and debris 
from the building blew across the road to Fenton United Methodist Church.

Genesee County 911 called out the fire 
departments and activated their Fire Coordination 
Plan. Ham radio spotters have an agreement with 
Genesee County fire departments to provide 
supplemental communications for the departments. 
Hams were providing communications via the 
SKYWARN net and the Fire Coordination net.

As the county's fire departments started to move 
toward the building collapse in Fenton, hams were 
already on the scene. Bond and Mike Schafer, 
KB8RVP, shifted gears from weather spotters to 
Fire Coordination operators. At the request of 
the fire chief at the scene, Bond went to the 
Fenton City fire station and, using ham radio, 
assisted their dispatch center; the storm had 
damaged their radio fire communications tower, so 
Bond and Schafer started working dispatch for 
them using their ham radios until the dispatch 
center was able to resume normal fire communications.

Jerry Baker, KD8AYL, was next to arrive on the 
scene at the collapsed building and after meeting 
with the Incident Commander, Baker was assigned 
the task of setting up radio communications with 
more ARES volunteers in the Flint region.

As more reports of damage came in, the Fenton 
City and Township Fire Department became 
overloaded; their crippled communications tower 
did not help matters. ARES Emergency Coordinator 
for Genesee County Greg Ybarra, N8HXQ, 
coordinated the response during this incident and 
put out a call for help to District 3 Emergency 
Coordinator Greg Allinger, WA8OGJ. Allinger 
contacted other ARES units in the state, and 
Amateur Radio operators from nine Michigan 
counties responded to the Fenton area to help.

Evaluation of the damage started immediately 
after the storm. Baker was reassigned to a relief 
shelter to aid the Red Cross. What would normally 
have been a drive of less than 10 minutes took 
almost an hour due to trees and power lines down 
everywhere. "Trees as much as 36 inches in 
diameter and more than 100 years old had been 
ripped out of the ground by the storm; regular 
electric power was out and the damage reports 
just never seemed to end," he said.

The Genesee County Office of Emergency Management 
activated their Mobile Command Unit. The MCU has 
an Amateur Radio station in it, as well as radios 
for all public service organizations. The city 
set up a command post in the parking lot of the 
Fenton City fire department and began operations 
from there. Michigan State Police responded to 
the area and instituted an 8 PM curfew for 
everyone. State and local police set up road 
blocks. Access was restricted to police, fire, 
National Guard, Red Cross, Salvation Army or ARES.

ARES volunteers worked with all aspects of the 
incident. Damage reports and assessments 
continued until 1:30 AM Saturday when the 
Incident Commander determined everyone should 
break until 5:30 AM to get some rest.

==> ARRL ANNOUNCES NEW FALL PUBLICATIONS

The ARRL has announced its new fall publications 
lineup. ARRL Sales and Marketing Manager Bob 
Inderbitzen, NQ1R, said, "ARRL's fall lineup 
includes the biggest new publication 
introductions this year. These new books will 
keep you current with rapid advances in radio operating and experimentation."

The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications - 2008 
(Eighty-Fifth Edition) uniquely serves both 
amateur experimenters and industry practitioners, 
emphasizing connections between basic theory and 
application. This 85th edition is both a useful 
introduction to radio communication and a source 
for answers to questions about every aspect of 
the state-of-the-art. Topics include Amateur 
Radio licensing requirements and operating 
activities, fundamental and advanced electronics 
and communications concepts, radio propagation 
and antenna theory, practical projects, repair 
techniques, references and much more. The 
Handbook includes descriptions for new and 
emerging wireless technologies involving digital 
signal processing (DSP) innovations, and radio 
applications utilizing software and the Internet. 
The book is filled with valuable references, 
practical examples and projects. The CD-ROM at 
the back of the book includes all of the fully 
searchable text and illustrations in the printed bo!
  ok, as well as companion software, PC board 
templates and other support files.

Revisions to the 2008 Handbook include new filter 
theory and design examples, including a HF/6 
meter high-power low-pass filter project, and 
revised and expanded RF safety content -- 
including new insights into RF safety regulations 
and research. New projects include: MKII updated 
universal QRP transmitter; MicroR2 receiver and 
MicroT2 transmitter; ID-O-Matic-10-minute ID 
timer for individual, repeater or beacon control; 
simple computer-to-transceiver serial port 
interface and USB interface; keying adapter to 
interface vintage radios with modern gear (CW 
keying or amplifier TR keying), and more.

The softcover edition of the Handbook sells for 
$44.95; the hardcover sells for $59.95. As an 
early bird bonus, the ARRL Software Library for 
Hams CD-ROM, v 2.0, will be included with each 
Handbook ordered before October 31, 2007; this is 
a $20 value. The CD includes quick access to 
utilities, applications, and information; 
software for contesting, digital voice, HF 
digital (PSK31, MFSK16, MT63, and RTTY), meteor 
scatter and moonbounce, book excerpts and more, 
as well as programs for APRS, Winlink 2000, 
packet radio and satellite tracking. Both 
editions will be available in early October.

ARRL's HF Digital Handbook -- Fourth Edition is 
your guide to understanding the most active HF 
digital communication modes in use today. There 
is something here for every radio operator -- 
beginners and more advanced operators alike. And, 
as this technology rapidly advances, your 
increased understanding of digital communication 
techniques will make certain that you stay in the 
race as new modes and methods unfold. This 4th 
edition book includes expanded station setup 
information, discussion of PSKMail and other 
varieties of PSK, new content on Olivia, 
DominoEX, HF digital voice and image modes, and 
Automatic Link Establishment. Are you just 
getting started with exploring digital 
communications? All it takes is your 
sound-card-equipped computer and your HF 
transceiver. ARRL's HF Digital Handbook will 
guide you through the rest. This softcover book 
will be available in early October for $19.95.

ARRL's Low Power Communication -- Third Edition 
shows how you can explore the excitement of 
low-power radio operating. Discover how to build 
and operate low-power radio gear - the QRP way, 
with sections on equipment and station 
accessories, antennas and operating strategies. 
There are new sections on Emergency Communication 
and surplus military equipment, including how to 
restore and use this classic radio hardware. This 
book can be purchased alone for $19.95 and 
includes the complete assembly manual for the MFJ 
Cub Transceiver Kit, or with the MFJ-9340K 40M 
QRP-Cub CW Transceiver Kit for $99.95. Both 
editions will be available in early October.

FCC Rules and Regulations for the Amateur Radio 
Service is now available for only $5.95. The new 
8-1/2 x 11 reference contains the complete Part 
97 rules from Title 47 of the Code of Federal 
Regulations, effective February 23, 2007.

Antenna Compendium Volume 4, the popular antenna 
book from 1995, is being reprinted due to 
increasing demand. This is the fourth in the 
popular ARRL Antenna Compendium series. You'll 
find 38 articles inside, covering a wide range of 
topics. There are simple, practical antenna 
projects, and there are heavy-duty, theoretical 
treatments of complex arrays. When the sunspots 
are low, head for the low-bands - seven articles 
are devoted to 80 and 160 meters, including some 
truly gargantuan arrays. There are articles for 
mobile work, too. A section on portable or 
temporary antennas that will get you thinking 
about Field Day in June, regardless of what time 
of year you read it. The Antenna Compendium 
Volume 4 will be available in September for only $20.

AC Power Interference Handbook, 3rd edition, 
revised, looks at the causes, effects, locating 
and correction of power-line and electrical 
interference, and includes a new locating 
concept! "This easy-to-read, very practical book, 
is a must for anyone responsible for solving 
interference problems." -- Vern Chartier, past 
chairman, IEEE T&D Committee. AC Power 
Interference Handbook is written by Marv 
Loftness, KB7KK, and published by Percival 
Technology. ARRL is the worldwide distributor for this title.

These books, as well as the complete ARRL 
library, are available from the ARRL Online store 
<http://www.arrl.org/catalog/>.

==> LAB TESTING CHANGES DETAILED IN OCTOBER QST

In the upcoming October issue of QST, the ARRL 
Lab introduces a series of significant new 
receiver tests. These are the result of 
development work and discussions with 
professionals in the radio industry over a period of several years.

One new test concerns receiver blocking gain 
compression and reciprocal mixing. The ARRL Lab 
describes Blocking Dynamic Range (BDR) as "a 
condition in which the weak [desired] signal is 
'blocked' or suppressed" by a strong interfering 
signal. This is also known as desense or 
overload. In some cases, the cause is a reduction 
in receiver gain. In other cases ("noise limited" 
measurements), the cause is an increase in the 
receiver's internal noise due to the noise 
sidebands of the local oscillator mixing together 
with the strong interferer (also known as 
"reciprocal mixing"). The level of the noise 
masks the gain reduction effect on the desired 
signal. Instead of reporting the BDR as a noise 
limited measurement, the Lab will now be using 
narrow-band measurement techniques to "dig out" 
the desired signal on noise-limited measurements 
and determine the point of gain reduction.

To distinguish from earlier measurements, the 
name will be changed to "Blocking Gain 
Compression." A separate reciprocal mixing test 
indicates the level of noise increase within the 
receiver caused by the interfering signal. 
Together, these two measurements provide more 
information about how the receiver behaves with a 
single strong interfering signal.

 From 1983 onward, ARRL Product Review published 
IP3 (third order intercept) figures for receivers 
based on a noise floor intermodulation distortion 
(IMD) response level. In 1993, the level was 
changed to a response that produced an S5 reading 
on the receiver's own S-meter. The decision was 
based largely on this being a more typical 
average of signals that would be found on the 
bands. The drawbacks to this approach are that 
there is a great variation in S-meters from 
receiver to receiver (see Product Review, April 
2005) and it overlooks the significant change 
that can often be observed in receivers at higher signal levels.

With this in mind, the ARRL Lab has decided to 
measure and report IP3 at three levels. The 
lowest level measurement is made at the noise 
floor, as has been done in the past. The middle 
level is done at a standard level of -97 dBm, 
defined as S5 in the IARU Region 1 standard for 
S-meters. For the highest level, instead of 
selecting a particular receiver response, the 
maximum level of expected interferer will be set 
to 0 dBm (S9 + 73 dB by the IARU standard, a loud 
signal indeed!). These three levels taken 
together should present the best overall view of 
a receiver's total performance, with each level 
being most useful in a particular context. For 
example, someone doing SSB or CW work on VHF 
would care most about the receiver performance at 
the noise floor, while on HF, an S5 level would be more useful.

According to ARRL Lab Test Manager Mike Tracy, 
KC1SX, members frequently ask why manufacturers' 
sensitivity specifications are given in 
microvolts but Product Review measurements are 
reported in dBm (decibels relative to a 
milliwatt). He said, "The chief reason is that 
manufacturers typically do not include a 
bandwidth in their specification, and 
measurements in different bandwidths are not 
directly comparable. All other things being 
equal, there is more noise power in a 3 kHz 
bandwidth than a 2.4 kHz bandwidth. To overcome 
that limitation, the sensitivity testing is done 
with a 500 Hz bandwidth filter, or as close to 
that as is available. This permits reasonable 
comparisons of different receivers." Although the 
filters that a receiver has cannot be changed, 
the variation in actual bandwidth can be 
determined by calculating the Equivalent 
Rectangular Bandwidth (ERBW). This is the width 
that the filter would have if it passed the same 
noise power and possessed the "ideal" sha!
  pe of vertical sides and a flat passband response.

For more on the changes coming in future Product 
Reviews, be sure to check out the October issue of QST.

==> ARRL CONTINUES EFFORTS ON INTERFERENCE TO PAVE PAWS RADAR SITES

On August 13, the ARRL began sending "specific 
mitigation reduction numbers" to 122 repeater 
owners, recommending that they reduce their 
signal anywhere from 7 dB to 56 dB, according to 
ARRL Regulatory Information Branch Manager Dan 
Henderson, N1ND. These reductions, requested by 
the US Air Force and the Department of Defense, 
only concern those repeaters identified by the 
DoD as affecting the PAVE PAWS radar system.

"Some reductions are going to be attainable," 
Henderson said. "You can do 7 dB, but 56?" He 
said such a reduction would "not be realistic to 
achieve. While many of the affected repeater 
owners may not be able to achieve the required 
reductions, but that doesn't mean they shouldn't 
try to meet the goal. Everyone involved needs to 
continue trying to meet the DoD's requirements. 
This gives us the best chance to keep as many of 
these machines as possible on the air."

Henderson stressed that any order to shut down a 
repeater will come from the Federal 
Communications Commission, at the request of the 
DoD. "This situation only affects those repeaters 
on the DoD's list in Massachusetts and 
California. It does not affect the everyday, 
casual user of 70 cm. This is not a wide-spread threat to the 70 cm band."

Citing an increasing number of interference 
complaints, the US Air Force has asked the FCC to 
order dozens of repeater systems to either 
mitigate interference to the PAVE PAWS radars or 
shut down. The ARRL has been working with the DoD 
to develop a plan to mitigate alleged 
interference from 70 cm ham radio repeaters to 
this military radar system on both coasts. 
According to the DoD, the in-band interference 
from Amateur Radio fixed FM voice repeaters has 
increased to an unacceptable level. PAVE PAWS 
radars are used for national security functions, 
including early detection of sea-launched 
missiles. They are critical to our national 
defense and are in use 24 hours per day, seven days per week.

The Amateur Radio Service is a secondary user in 
the 420-450 MHz (70 cm) band, both by the Table 
of Frequency Allocations and the FCC Part 97 
regulations. As such, Amateur Radio licensees, 
jointly and individually, bear the responsibility 
of mitigating or eliminating any harmful 
interference to the primary user, which in this 
case is the Government Radiolocation Service that 
includes the DoD PAVE PAWS systems.

==>SOLAR UPDATE

Tad "I'm Melting in the Sun, and This Is What 
They Call the Life" Cook, K7RA, this week 
reports: Sunspot numbers pulled up from zero this 
week, but barely. Average daily sunspot numbers 
rose more than nine points to 12.9. Geomagnetic 
conditions were quiet. Conditions have been quiet 
for so long that we may not appreciate this, as 
many of us wish for more solar activity and 
sunspots. Geophysical Institute Prague predicted 
earlier that August 31 would be quiet to 
unsettled, September 1 unsettled to active, 
unsettled conditions September 2-3, quiet 
September 4-5 and unsettled to active again on 
September 6. Over the same period, the US Air 
Force predicts planetary A index of 15, 25, 12, 
12, 8, 5 and 15 for August 31-September 6. From 
the same prediction, it looks like September 8-17 
may see a return of zero sunspot days. Sunspot 
numbers for August 23 through 29 were 12, 12, 14, 
13, 12, 14 and 13 with a mean of 12.9. The 10.7 
cm flux was 70.8, 71.6, 71.5, 70.1, 69.2, 70.1 and 69!
  .6 with a mean of 70.4. Estimated planetary A 
indices were 2, 2, 8, 10, 12, 11 and 4 with a 
mean of 7. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 
1, 1, 6, 10, 10, 9 and 4 with a mean of 5.9. For 
more information concerning radio propagation, 
visit the ARRL Technical Information Service 
Propagation page <http://www.arrl.org/tis/info/propagation.html>.

__________________________________

==>IN BRIEF:

* This weekend on the radio: This weekend, look 
for the NCCC Sprint (CW) on August 31. The 
Russian RTTY WW Contest and the Wake-Up! QRP 
Sprint are on September 1. On September 1-2, 
check out the All Asian DX Contest (Phone), RSGB 
Field Day (SSB) and IARU Region 1 Field Day 
(SSB). The DARC 10 Meter Digital Contest is 
September 2, while the MI QRP Labor Day CW Sprint 
is September 3-4 and the ARS Spartan Sprint is 
September 4. Next week, don't forget the ARRL 
September VHF QSO Party, scheduled for September 
8-10. The NCCC Sprint (CW) and the AGCW Straight 
Key Party are September 7. Another NCCC Sprint 
(CW), the SOC Marathon Sprint and the Swiss HTC 
QRP Sprint are September 8. The WAE DX Contest 
(SSB) and the Arkansas QSO Party are scheduled 
for September 8-9. The North American Sprint (CW) 
and the ARCI End of Summer Digital Sprint are 
both September 9. The Tennessee QSO Party is 
September 9-10, while the YLRL Howdy Days are 
September 11-13. See the ARRL Contest Branch page <htt!
  p://www.arrl.org/contests/>, the ARRL 
Contester's Rate Sheet 
<http://www.arrl.org/contests/rate-sheet/> and 
the WA7BNM Contest Calendar 
<http://www.hornucopia.com/contestcal/index.html> for more info.

* ARRL Continuing Education course registration: 
Registration remains open through Sunday, 
September 9, 2007, for these online courses 
beginning on Friday September 21: Amateur Radio 
Emergency Communications Level 2 (EC-002); 
Amateur Radio Emergency Communications Level 3 
(EC-003R2); Antenna Modeling (EC-004); HF Digital 
Communications (EC-005); VHF/UHF -- Life Beyond 
the Repeater (EC-008), and Radio Frequency 
Propagation (EC-011). To learn more, visit the 
CCE Course Listing page 
<http://www.arrl.org/cce/courses.html> or contact 
the Continuing Education Program Coordinator <cce at arrl.org>.

* ARRL Headquarters Closed in Observance of Labor 
Day: ARRL Headquarters will be closed in 
observance of Labor Day on Monday, September 3. 
There will be no W1AW bulletin or code practice 
transmissions that day. ARRL Headquarters will 
reopen Tuesday, September 4 at 8 AM Eastern 
Daylight Time. We wish everyone a safe and fun Labor Day holiday.

* Upcoming Meteor Shower Can Be Boon for VHFers: 
VHFers, particularly those interested in meteor 
scatter, should be on the alert Saturday morning, 
September 1, for what could be a rare opportunity 
of excellent propagation. At 1137 UTC (+/- 20 
minutes), the Earth's orbit will cross through 
the dust trail of long-period comet C/1911 N1 
(Kiess), which is expected to provide a short but 
active two hour outburst of bright (-2 to +3 
magnitude) meteors radiating from the 
constellation Auriga. Predicted rates for this 
particular Aurigids vary from around 100 meteors 
per hour to up to 1000. If high rates are 
achieved, the meteors could provide "open-band" 
conditions during the peak times. It might 
certainly be worth a look on 2 meters (or higher) 
during the hour leading up to the peak and 
through the peak time period. The meteor radiant 
is ideally placed for North Americans, so the 
more stations that are active, the more people 
can take advantage of what might possibly happen in the !
  sky on Saturday morning. If conditions turn out 
to be excellent, the best mode for information 
exchange will be on SSB, keeping calls and 
transmissions very short and exchanging minimal 
information, such as signal reports or grids. As 
usual, the best frequency on 2 meters will likely 
be 144.200 MHz, with stations spreading out from 
there if conditions warrant.  -- Information provided by Steve McDonald, VE7SL

* ARRL/TAPR Digital Communications Conference 
Sunday Seminar Announced: Robert McGwier, N4HY, 
will present "A Stroll through Software Radio, 
Information Theory and Some Applications" at the 
ARRL/TAPR Digital Communications Conference 
Sunday Seminar in Hartford, Connecticut on 
September 30. The seminar will cover the basic 
building blocks of a simple software radio 
system, as well as a discussion of information 
theory and its practical use in communication 
systems. As time permits, McGwier plans to 
demonstrate several software radio systems 
ranging from the Softrock40 to the GnuRadio/USRP 
and the Flex5000. Attendees will receive packages 
containing tutorials and software. McGwier is the 
chairman of the ARRL Software Defined Radio 
Working Group, a member of the SDR Forum and a 
contributor to GnuRadio and vice president of 
engineering for AMSAT-NA. He is co-author with 
Frank Brickle, AB2KT, of DttSP, a software radio 
suite used in Flex Radio's PowerSDR to operate its SDR transc!
  eivers. The ARRL/TAPR Digital Communications 
Conference will be held September 28-30 at the 
Doubletree Hotel in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, 
just north of Hartford. For more information and 
registration, see the conference's Web site 
<http://www.tapr.org/dcc>, or call the TAPR 
office at 972-671-8277. Tickets for the Sunday 
Seminar are $25 and are separate from the conference registration fee.

* Malaysia to Celebrate 50 Years of Independence 
with Amateur Radio Event: Radio amateurs in 
Malaysia will celebrate its 50 years of 
independence from Great Britain with a nationwide 
Field Day August 30-September 1 with 9M50Mx 
special event call signs. The Malaysian Amateur 
Radio Transmitter's Society (MARTS) 
<http://www.marts.org.my/> invites Amateur Radio 
operators from all over the world to celebrate 
with Malaysia on air. The Malaysian 
Communications and Multimedia Commission granted 
these 9M50Mx special event call signs for the 
first time in history of Malaysian Amateur Radio. 
To celebrate the occasion, the Merdeka Field Day 
(MFD) -- Merdeka means independence in the Malay 
language -- has a total of 16 stations operating 
simultaneously in different cities, as well as in 
the middle of the jungle. QSL to the Bureau at PO 
Box 10777, 50724 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.  -- 
Information provided by Lance M. T. Lai, 9W2LAI, MARTS Honorary Secretary

* QEX -- In This Issue: The September/October 
issue of QEX is out, and it is full of 
theoretical and practical technical articles. In 
this issue, Maynard Wright, W6PAP, explains the 
impedance graphing capabilities of some powerful 
computer software in "Octave for Circle 
Diagrams." Dr George Steber, WB9LVI, describes 
some simple circuits that combine with a digital 
oscilloscope, signal generator and PC to create 
"An Unusual Vector Network Analyzer." Mateo 
Campanella, IZ2EEQ, used a direct digital 
synthesizer IC and PIC microcontroller to build 
"A DDS Based QRSS (and CW) Beacon." Paolo 
Antonizzi, IW2ACD and Marco Arecco, IK2WAQ, team 
up to describe the design and lab testing of 
"Very High Q Microwave Cavities and Filters." J. 
R. Laughlin, KE5KSC, designed a circuit to reduce 
background noise pick-up and feedback squeal for 
a "Differential Leveling Microphone." Steve 
Gradijan, WB5KIA, shares the news about a free 
software development tool by Code Gear from Borland in "Turbo Del!
  phi Explorer: Develop Amateur Radio Projects 
for Windows with a Free Compiler." Fred Glenn, 
K9SO, describes his system of using Excel 
spreadsheets to compare antenna performance and 
propagation predictions by "Using 
Gain-Probability Data to Compare Antenna 
Performances." Contributing Editor L.B. Cebik, 
W4RNL, compares some circularly polarized 
satellite antennas in "Antenna Options." QEX is 
edited by Larry Wolfgang, WR1B 
(lwolfgang at arrl.org), and is published six times 
a year. Subscribe to QEX today <http://www.arrl.org/qex>.

* Let Us Know: What's your favorite part of The 
ARRL Letter? What kind of stories would you like 
to see in the Letter? Would you prefer the Letter 
in an HTML format? This is your Letter and your 
chance to let your voice be heard. Please send 
your suggestions to ARRL News Editor S. Khrystyne 
Keane, K1SFA, at k1sfa at arrl.org, with the subject 
line "ARRL Letter Suggestions." All messages will 
be read and discussed, and we look forward to 
implementing positive suggestions into the ARRL Letter.

===========================================================
The ARRL Letter is published Fridays, 50 times 
each year, by the American Radio Relay League: 
ARRL--the National Association for Amateur Radio, 
225 Main St, Newington, CT 06111; tel 
860-594-0200; fax 860-594-0259; 
<http://www.arrl.org>. Joel Harrison, W5ZN, President.

The ARRL Letter offers a weekly e-mail digest of 
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==>Delivery problems (ARRL member direct delivery only!): letter-dlvy at arrl.org
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==>ARRL Audio News: 
<http://www.arrl.org/arrlletter/audio/> or call 860-594-0384

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