[TheForge] Patinas

[Peter Fels And Phoebe Palmer]

Say Bruce:
Good stuff...helpful for those of us who mouthed off in chemistry and 
missed out...thank you good sir...Pete F

Bruce Freeman wrote:
> The following link calls for the use of a number of chemicals for
> patination.  I won't make this a treatise, but I do want to convey some
> of the hazard of some of these.  Off the top of my head...
> 
> Acetic Acid (6% soln.) -  Innocuous.  Otherwise known as white
> vinegar.
> 
> Ammonium Chloride - Fairly innocuous.
> 
> Ammonium Hydroxide - Aqueous ammonia.  Household ammonia is a fairly
> dilute example.  Commercial strength, this stuff can be hazardous to
> skin, eye and lungs.  Asphixiating odor gives you some warning.
> 
> Bismuth Nitrate - I don't know much about the hazards of this.  Bismuth
> is apparently not very toxic, if at all.  Nitrate is an oxidizer, and
> can react with "fuels".    
> 
> Calcium Chloride  - Innocuous.  Used to melt ice on sidewalks.
>     
> Cupric Acetate       
> Cupric Nitrate       
> Cupric Sulfate - Cupric (copper) salts are toxic, so don't eat them or
> get (much) on you.  Nitrate is an oxidizer.  
> 
> Distilled Water - Don't drink it (tastes lousy)  
> 
> Ferric Chloride       
> Ferric Nitrate       
> Ferrous Sulfate  - Iron salts.  Believe it or not, iron has some
> toxicity, so avoid eating this stuff.  Ferric Chloride and Nitrate are
> oxidizers.    
> 
> Glacial Acetic Acid - Nasty stuff.  Strong vinegar odor.  Flammable. 
> Get it on your skin, it penetrates and gives an acid burn down deep. 
> Avoid if possible.
> 
> Lead Acetate - Sugar of lead. Tastes sweet (they tell me).  Lead is a
> deadly, cumulative poison.  Don't eat it or get it on you.     
> 
> Nitric Acid 10%  
> Nitric Acid Concentrated - Nitric is a nasty acid.  Handle with care. 
> Add acid to water, not water to acid.  A strong oxidizer.  Dissolves
> copper.  Add a little chloride and it (aqua regia) dissolves gold.  Know
> what you're doing before you use this stuff, even diluted.   
> 
> Oxalic Acid - Toxic.  Use care in handling.  Don't eat.
> 
> Potassium Permanganate - A strong oxidizer.  Reacts with "fuels". 
> Stains purple, then brown.  Use with great care.
> 
> Sodium Acetate       
> Sodium Chloride  -both innocuous.     
> 
> Sodium Thiosulfate - A fairly strong reducing agent.  Handle with
> respect.      
> 
> Sulfurated Potash.  Liver of sulfur.  Potassium sulfide.  Stinks.  The
> stink is VERY toxic - Hydrogen Sulfide gas.  As deadly as hydrogen
> cyanide gas (used in gas chambers).  The stink gives you some warning,
> but lets you down when your nose fatigues.  Liver of sulfur can be
> handled safely with adequate ventillation.
>     
> Zinc Sulfate.  Zinc is toxic.  Handle with care.  Don't eat.
> 
> Bruce
> (A chemist)
> NJ       
> 
> 
> 
>>>>"Mark A. Pesetsky" <pesetsky at Princeton.EDU> 3/18/2005 1:38:31 PM
>>>>
> 
> http://www.coscosci.com/patinas/patinaformulas.htm 
> 
> Mark
> 
> 
> 
> 
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