To Jeffs explanation of the "vertical". Here is what a friend of mine says about a vertical! A vertical radiates equally bad in all directions! Vy73, Gerd, WB8IFM, ex DL9MZ (1951) -- Gerd & Traudl Schrick, 4741 Harlou Dr, Dayton, OH, 45432-1618 WB8IFM