Hi Doug, Lowfers, I've found the ARRL Antenna Compendiums Volumes 1 through 8 have a lot of interesting articles, some of which can pertain to our LW and MW activities. For example, some 160M antennas can be scaled to work on 500 kHz. 73, J.B., VE3EAR LowFER Beacon "EAR" 188.830 kHz. QRSS30 EN93dr