A comment in an earlier email wondered where the -107dBm came from. From an old handbook, I pulled the following: dBm = 10 log {20*(Vrms)^2} where "log" is base 10 If you plug in the 1 microvolt into that equation and solve it, you cill come up with -107dBm. Please don't ask me to derive the equation <g>. Too many years have passed.... 73 Ken Wagner K3IU