>>Which of these principles can't be accomplished without CW? << Unh..... which of them can't be accomplished with the EXISTING no-code license? 73 Marshall Emm N1FN/VK5FN n1fn at MorseX.com Morse Express and Oak Hills Research "Everything for the Morse Enthusiast" http://www.MorseX.com http://www.ohr.com (303)752-3382 --