Mistakes of 150 Years Ago
This year the Reading Radio Club will celebrate 100
years in existence and affiliation with ARRL. However, the work of
individuals who were not afraid of trying something new 150 years
ago paved the way for the technology we have today. "A person who
never made a mistake, never tried anything new." Albert Einstein .
Names such as David Hughes, Heinrich Hertz, Nikola Tesla, and
Alexander Popov all contributed in their own way to the
development of components and theory involved in present day ham
radio. I am sure they made their share of mistakes and experienced
countless failures.
But they all persevered to try a new thing. Are you still using a
Spark gap to send? How about a crystal set for your receiver? Do
you even know what they are? You have been to a hamfest and maybe
you even saw things people call "Boat Anchors." Have you ever had
to replace an Acorn Tube in one? The early radios did not have any
capacitors, tubes, transistors or integrated circuits to go bad.
But you did need hammers, screwdrivers, wrenches, and skills such
as those of a mechanic, pipe fitter, electrician, sheet metal
worker and tower installer (to name some) to build or maintain
those radios.
This was due to a major improvement over the spark gap transmitter
for High Frequency (HF) transmission. That improvement in 1904 was
the Alexanderson Alternator. Of the 20 that were constructed,
number 16 is still operational in Grimeton, Sweden. Improvements
continued and in the 1920's, Sir John Ambrose Fleming and Lee de
Forest developed the vacuum tube diode and triode, ushering in the
advent of the 60-pound "Boat Anchors."
From November 17, 1947, to December 23, 1947, John Bardeen and
Walter Houser Brattain at AT&T's Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New
Jersey, performed experiments and observed that when two gold
point contacts were applied to a crystal of germanium, a signal
was produced with the output power greater than the input. The
transistor was born. The radio transceiver followed with units
that can be carried by one person and fit in one hand. Most
possess the capabilities of several racks of units.
Radios are no longer pieces of hardware, but are a combination of
both hardware and software. They can be controlled via a computer
program and allow users to communicate with signals that the human
ear cannot even detect. Mistakes went into all this development,
but that is what allows improvement and innovative ideas.
Have fun making mistakes and see what you can accomplish!
Joe, AC3DI