The explosion was a solar flare — a powerful burst
of energy on the sun— that was caught by Nasa’s
sun-observing Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) on
January 20.
Nasa’s Solar Dynamics Observatory watches the sun
constantly and captured an image of the event. The
images show the solar flare as a bright flash on the
right side of the sun.
Solar flares and eruptions can impact radio
communications, electric power grids and navigation
signals on Earth. They can also pose risks to
spacecraft and astronauts.
This flare is classified as an M5.5 class flare, by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration’s (NOAA) ‘space weather scale’, which
is considered to be of moderate strength.
Solar flares like this are essentially a massive
release of electromagnetic radiation. When an
outburst occurs, that radiation spreads out across
our solar system at the speed of light. If it’s
powerful enough, the burst of energy can directly
influence radio waves, electronics, and other
Earth-based technologies.
This particular flare had the potential to black out
high-frequency radio communications ‘for tens of
minutes’ on Earth’s sunlit side. The blackouts were
supposed to affect high-frequency communication,
primarily impacting the 3 to 30 MHz band. However,
solar flares do not affect smartphone GPS systems or
most modern navigational technology for that matter.
Solar flares usually take place in areas on the sun
marked by the presence of strong magnetic fields
called active regions. As these magnetic fields
evolve, they can reach a point of instability and
release energy in a variety of forms including
electromagnetic radiation, which are observed as
solar flares.
The NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center is the US
government’s official source for space weather
forecasts, watches, warnings, and alerts.
Nasa works as a research arm of the nation’s space
weather effort by observing the sun and our space
environment constantly with a fleet of spacecraft
that study everything from the sun’s activity to the
solar atmosphere and magnetic fields in the space
surrounding Earth.