[R-390] R-392 help - Green Speaker-ology

Dan Merz djmerz at 3-cities.com
Sat Oct 15 21:10:43 EDT 2005


Ian,  I've seen this transformer advertised by Antique Electronic Supply
with the comment that the Collins Collectors group prompted its production,
so I assume this is accurate.  Hammond seems responsive to making items that
fill a need for old radio collectors.  I haven't tried one, as I have other
types of transformers around to make the match when I've needed it.  It
should be high quality based on its size,  rated at 12 watts, and about $18.
Dan. 

-----Original Message-----
From: r-390-bounces at mailman.qth.net [mailto:r-390-bounces at mailman.qth.net]
On Behalf Of Ian Gallimore
Sent: Saturday, October 15, 2005 5:13 PM
To: Barry Hauser
Cc: R-390A Group
Subject: Re: [R-390] R-392 help - Green Speaker-ology

Hi, Gang,

For what it's worth, I picked up a Hammond 119 DA transformer today, wired a
U-77 connector to its 600 ohm primary, and connected a small 8 ohm bass
reflex speaker I had kicking around. Much better sound from my R-392 than
from the LS-166. Volume not huge, but quite useable. I think the Collins
Collectors group was instrumental in getting Hammond to produce this
transformer. Does anyone have any information on this last comment?
If someone has a folded horn speaker, like one of the old Klipsch horns,
which I understand are very efficient, volume might be even better.

73

Ian Gallimore VA3ODA

----- Original Message -----
From: "Barry Hauser" <barry at hausernet.com>
To: "Mark Huss" <mhuss1 at bellatlantic.net>
Cc: <r-390 at mailman.qth.net>
Sent: Friday, October 14, 2005 12:56 AM
Subject: Re: [R-390] R-392 help - Green Speaker-ology


> Hi Mark & gang:
>
> I coulda' told ya' ... the primary limiting factor with the LS-166 (and 
> LS-454, etc.) is not necessarily the transformer, it's the basic 
> speaker/enclosure design.  They are built to be waterproof and 
> blast/concussion resistant.  The R-392 is waterproof, which was 
> bathtub-verified by one of the list members a few years ago -- and 
> actually floats, though face-down -- which is not particularly convenient.

> ;-)
>
> The LS-166 and others of the series, can be called Accidental Acoustic 
> Suspension design.  In addition, the cone is made of heavily 
> varnished/sealed cloth and has two form-fitting grilles or baskets front 
> and aft as part of the water-proofing and blast resistance, respectively. 
> The suspension is very stiff.  Also, the intention is to cover the code 
> and voice frequency ranges, to hopefully improve intelligibility, as with 
> other "communications" type speakers.  That's on the presumption that much

> of the signal content outside the range of, oh, 300-3,000 Hz is likely to 
> be noise or not needed.
>
> I used to home brew speaker systems years ago -- with hightly variable 
> results -- so had studied up on it.  So here's some more background for 
> what it's worth.
>
> There are two basic types of speaker enclosure designs -- unsealed and 
> sealed.  For the most part, until the late 50's or so, maybe mid 60's, the

> unsealed were the rule.  These ranged from simple open back designs --  
> like many popular acccessory speakers for communications gear, to rather 
> elaborate bass-reflex designs.  It all has to do with the back-wave.  When

> a speaker driver physically oscillates, it produces both.  For HF 
> transducers, it doesn't matter much as high frequency audio is 
> directional.  However, the back wave of a regular or LF/woofer speaker 
> cancels out much of the front wave.  If you run a woofer driver outside of

> an enclosure, sometimes you can barely hear it.  If you do the same with a

> full-range driver, it will lack bass and you'll mostly be hearing the 
> higher frequencies.
>
> So, a primary challenge in speaker design is to deal with the back wave. 
> Simple open back speakers sort of deal with it -- providing side walls 
> which suppress/redirect some of it.  Then there were the bass-reflex 
> designs and variants which generally attempt to make use of the energy by 
> physically reversing the phase of the back wave and putting it out the 
> front of the enclosure through a tuned port.  Just how well in-phase it 
> becomes as well as a bunch of other parameters would determine resulting 
> frequency response and overall fidelity.  Bass reflex designs usually 
> benefitted from size --  the bigger the better -- but not always -- as the

> "monsters" I built proved out.
>
> Along came the acoustic suspension design.  The basic idea was to bottle 
> up the back wave -- but as with most things, there's a lot more to it. 
> This design is inherently less efficient, requiring more power, but 
> allowed for a more compact enclosure.  (Remember the wattage wars of the 
> old days? --  Triggered by the introduction of lower efficiency speakers.)

> Not only is the back wave not make use of, but sealing the enclosure puts 
> much more physical resistance on the movement of the cone -- the driver is

> basically "trying to" compress and expand a given volume of air.  This 
> begat the need for more compliant suspension parts - -surround and spider 
> (corrugated disk that supports the voice coil), yet stiffer cone material.

> Many drivers are specifically designed for either accoustic suspension or 
> free-air enclosures.  In fact, some of the more extreme suspension drivers

> can self-destruct if operated at high volumes in free air because the 
> thing is supposed to be impeded by the trapped air and there's nothing to 
> restrict movement.
>
> Anyway, you can buy a small metal speaker unit about the size of the 
> LS-166 that is acoustic suspension and will sound pretty good.  That's 
> largely because the driver is high-compliance and acoustically matched to 
> the enclosure.  They also sell a lot of small bass-reflex speakers of 
> similar size -- they have small ports either front or back.
>
> Which reminds me ....   If you take an old National, or similar, open back

> communications speaker and place it so the back is about 12 inches from a 
> wall, it will improve the lower frequency end.  You can experiment with 
> varying the distance -- effectively tuning the phase of the reflection of 
> the back wave.  Also may benefit from being in a corner - as with many 
> speakers - for that and other reasons.  There are a number of other 
> relevant parameters re speaker systems, such as dealing with peak 
> resonance of the drivers and enclosures, etc.  Fortunately, I don't 
> remember the rest of it all that clearly. ;-)
>
> Back to the LS-166.  Here's a simple experiment -- try running it with the

> back off, if you haven't already, and vary its position.  There may be 
> some improvement.  However, the tinny sound is also due to its 
> construction --  the stiff, waterproofed cone and suspension materials, 
> etc. which restrict movement.  In addition, the enclosure was not designed

> and "tuned" for best fidelity either.
>
> The next step would be to replace the driver, however, I'm not sure what 
> would be the best choice.  A unit made for acoustic suspension may require

> higher wattage than the R-392 can put out. Probably better to use a 
> universal type and leave the back off.  There would still be the 
> limitation of the transformer, but you could use a Hammond instead.
>
> Or, leave the LS-166 for display and use a different speaker, or even 
> amplified computer speakers and bypass the audio stage of the R-392.  (You

> can remove the 26A7 and reduce heat.)
>
> Oddly though, the speaker in the "Angry-5" -- AN/GRR-5  R-174 "gas" 
> receiver -- built into the power supply half, is of similar design --  
> waterproof, concussion-resistant -- front and back screens, etc.  However,

> they sound a good deal better -- actually not all that bad.  I'm sure part

> of it is due to the larger enclosure space -- the power supply section --

> but the driver is somewhat different and, I suppose, other factors are 
> involved.  They were from the same time frame as the LS-166's, though.
>
> Probably more than you wanted to know about speakers, eh?
>
> Barry
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Mark wrote:
>
>> Change 1;  Just got my hands on an old LS-166/U speaker.  I repeated my 
>> experiment with the low frequency cutoff of the 600 ohm to 8 ohm 
>> transformer.  Either I mis-remembered, or they changed the transformer 
>> design.  It swept 3dB down at 4 Hz to 0dB down from 10 Hz to greater than

>> 200kHz!  Noted a few peaks and troughs less then 3 dB from the speaker 
>> load. as I swept it.  I did note that it sounds quite as tinny as I 
>> remembered.  But the speaker itself is entirely different from what I 
>> remembered.  So changing the transformer won't work on the LS-166/U for 
>> bettter lows.  At least not without changing the speaker itself.  Cabinet

>> size probibily has something to do with it, but the sound does not change

>> with the back off.  Can't do an audio sweep because the Sound Level Meter

>> brought the farm many moons ago.  Sorry about the bum steer.
>>
>> Mark Huss wrote:
>>
>>> That was my first thought, too.  That is why I tried Stand-By.  I think 
>>> Barry is right.  Sounds like an AGC problem. I also own an R-390A from 
>>> 1955, Origional Collins #2792.  And if anybody has a spare PTO they want

>>> to part with, I am buying. (the origional one has about a khz of 'slip' 
>>> from wear).
>>> As for the LS-166.  I actually need the UG-77 connector on it.  As a 
>>> point of note about the tinny sound.  Researched this while stationed in

>>> Korea for the RATT Rig operators, who liked to tune in shortwave on the 
>>> secondary receiver.  They couldn't use stereo speakers because 2nd LT 
>>> 'Crash' Rothman objected to the 'Unauthorized Equipment'.  The little 
>>> 600 to 8 ohm transformer is the main culpret.  Manually swept it using 
>>> an audio oscillator and there is a nice rolloff below 300 hz.  Cured the

>>> problem by replacing the transformer with a 70.7 volt one, and stuffing 
>>> the metal cabinet with fiberglass.  The ops were appreciative.  Said it 
>>> sounded a lot better.  And 2nd LT 'Crash' Rothman was none the wiser.
>>> R-392/URR, Stewart-Warner, Sn# 2681R, Order nr. 11653-PH-52.  And from 
>>> the paint on the case, belonged last to the Radio PLT, Co B, 198 Sig.
>>
>>
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