[LeArc] The ARRL Letter, Vol 21, No 24

[Tony Coniglio]

> ***************
> The ARRL Letter
> Vol. 21, No. 24
> June 14, 2002
> ***************
>
> IN THIS EDITION:
>
> * +Industry assails ARRL's Part 15 stance
> * +Venezuela rescinds invitation for WRC-03
> * +ARES aids Colorado fire response
> * +FCC dismisses EMP shielding petition
> * +Missionary killed in rescue effort was an amateur
> *  Solar Update
> *  IN BRIEF:
>      This weekend on the radio
>     +ARRL inaugurates "Logs Received" page
>      Certification and Continuing Education course registration
>     +2003 ARRL National Convention set for Texas
>      ARRL, United Technologies Corporation to announce joint initiative
>      ARRL Contest Rate Sheet offers timely news for active and casual
> contesters
>      ARRL VEC loses key team member to retirement
>      Connecticut proclaims Amateur Radio Week
>      New Hampshire governor declares June Amateur Radio month
>      ISS Expedition 5 crew chief active on air
>      K1D means it's Kid's Day again for W1DAD and K1MOM
>      New Extra class question pool effective July 1
>      Solar eclipse data document drop in sun's microwave intensity
>
> +Available on ARRL Audio News
>
> ===========================================================
>
> ==>ARRL PART 15 STANCE DRAWS INDUSTRY FIRE
>
> An ARRL challenge to the FCC's authority to permit Part 15 unlicensed
> operation of radio devices that may interfere with licensed services has
> drawn heavy fire from industry. The list of those filing opposition
> comments includes several unlicensed device makers and other industry
> giants, including Apple Computer and Microsoft. Some industry opponents
> are claiming that the ARRL wants to undo Part 15 altogether and would
> require individual licensing of such unlicensed devices as garage door
> openers and cordless telephones. ARRL General Counsel Chris Imlay, W3KD,
> says the industry commenters have it all wrong.
>
> The industry assault came in direct response to an ARRL Petition for
> Reconsideration in a proceeding (ET Docket 98-156) to amend Part 15 rules
> to allow certification of unlicensed, Part 15 equipment in the 24.05 to
> 24.25 GHz band at field strengths up to 2500 mV/m. The FCC first proposed
> permitting the 24-GHz Part 15 devices at the elevated field strengths in
> 1998 in response to a Petition for Rule Making from Sierra Digital
> Communications.
>
> The ARRL wants the FCC to reverse a portion of its Order that addresses
> the Commission's jurisdiction to authorize unlicensed RF devices that pose
> significant interference potential to licensed services. The League has
> made similar points in two other recent rulemaking proceedings, arguing
> that the FCC is expanding the concept of unlicensed devices far beyond
> what the Communications Act ever had in mind.
>
> Citing the "staggering" implications of ARRL's position, opposition
> comments filed on behalf of Agere Systems, Apple Computer, Bluetooth
> Special Interest Group, Cisco Systems, Microsoft and VoiceStream Wireless
> asserted that potentially every user of devices that radiate
> RF--intentionally or otherwise--"would be required to obtain an individual
> license from the Commission" if ARRL's position prevails. Part 15 has "a
> long, accepted and successful history," the commenters said, urging
> rejection of ARRL's petition.
>
> Comments submitted on behalf of the Institute of Electrical and
> Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802 Local and Metropolitan Area Network
> Standards Committee <http://ieee802.org> echoed a similar refrain. "To
> 'pull the rug out from under' Part 15, as the ARRL would do, would
> devastate the industry and do great harm to the users of the technologies
> that Part 15 has enabled," its comments declared.
>
> In its comments in opposition, the Information Technology Industry Council
> (ITI) said it did not believe the types of unlicensed devices of concern
> to ARRL "have significant potential for interference to licensed radio
> services." Line-of-sight systems using highly directional antennas "should
> not pose any undue or significant threat to amateur satellite operation,"
> ITI said in supporting their operation and deployment. ITI argued that
> ARRL was misinterpreting the Communications Act.
>
> ARRL's Imlay says the industry commenters are missing the point and, he
> adds, responding to arguments that ARRL never made--such as individual
> licensing of Part 15 devices. "This is a perfect example of where the FCC
> went too far," he said of the Order issued last December in the 24-GHz
> proceeding. "There's a threshold. The trick is where to draw the line
> between licensed and unlicensed devices." The League contends the FCC has
> failed at distinguishing between what should and should not be licensed
> and, in so doing, has violated the Communications Act.
>
> In its Petition for Reconsideration filed in February, the League said the
> issue was not whether the FCC has jurisdiction to enact reasonable
> regulations concerning RF devices. "Rather," the League said, "it is
> whether or not a device which has substantial interference potential to
> licensed radio services must be licensed." The ARRL argues that the limit
> of FCC's jurisdiction is reached when it's concluded that operation of
> such devices "has a substantial interference potential" to a licensed
> service.
>
> "Any way you look at it, this ought to be a licensed radio service," Imlay
> said of the 24-GHz devices at issue. He believes the proceeding provides a
> good opportunity to test the theory that a license is required for any
> application that "poses substantial likelihood of interference." Amateurs
> and Part 15 devices can co-exist on the same spectrum, Imlay says,
> "provided there are reasonable power levels that, on a whole, do not pose
> an interference threat."
>
> Imlay says the ARRL will prepare a reply for filing by the June 28
> deadline in the proceeding.
>
> Amateur Radio is primary at 24.0 to 24.05 GHz and secondary on the rest of
> the band.
>
> ==>WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE 2003 LOOKING FOR A NEW SITE
>
> World Radiocommunication Conference 2003 is looking for a new location.
> Citing economic concerns, the Venezuelan National Commission of
> Telecommunications (CONATEL) has advised International Telecommunication
> Union (ITU) Secretary-General Yoshio Utsumi that it will be unable to host
> WRC-03.
>
> The conference had been scheduled to be held in Caracas next June and
> July. Whether it can be held on the scheduled dates in some other location
> is not yet known.
>
> "It is our understanding that the ITU had an option on conference space in
> Geneva, but that the option has expired," said ARRL Chief Executive
> Officer David Sumner, K1ZZ. Sumner serves as administrative officer for
> the delegation that will represent the International Amateur Radio Union
> at the conference.
>
> "Planning for a conference of this size and scope generally takes two or
> three years," Sumner said. "It is a formidable challenge for the ITU staff
> to work with potential host administrations to find a suitable facility
> for a conference that is supposed to open less than one year from now."
>
> Several issues of importance to radio amateurs are on the conference
> agenda, including harmonization of the 7-MHz amateur and broadcasting
> allocations. Other Amateur Radio-related issues on the WRC-03 agenda
> include the revision of Article 25 of the international Radio
> Regulations--the basic rules for the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite
> services. Among other issues, this includes the issue of whether to retain
> the treaty requirement to demonstrate Morse code proficiency for access to
> amateur bands below 30 MHz.
>
> "Amateurs may rest assured that wherever and whenever the conference is
> held, the IARU team will be there for them," Sumner said.
>
> ==>DOZENS OF HAMS AIDING RESPONSE TO HUGE COLORADO FIRE
>
> ARRL Colorado Section Manager Jeff Ryan, K0RM, reports that more than 70
> Amateur Radio Emergency Service team members this week provided front-line
> support in the face of the Hayman Fire--now being called the largest fire
> in Colorado's history. Hundreds of firefighters aided by aerial tankers
> and helicopters continue to battle the blaze that, by the end of the week,
> had scorched some 100,000 acres of the Colorado mountains southwest of
> Denver.
>
> "This is Amateur Radio at its finest," Ryan said. "Operators are working
> shifts in sometimes harsh conditions, driving many miles home to rest,
> then turning around to pull another shift, often in a completely different
> location."
>
> Both mandatory and voluntary evacuation decrees affected more than 15,000
> people. Ryan said at week's end that some 5500 residents actually were
> evacuated. For the first time in its history, the Pike National Forest was
> closed to the public. Authorities blamed an illegal campfire with starting
> the blaze.
>
> Ryan says many hams in Colorado were able to stand down by the end of the
> week as the primary served agencies--various sheriff's offices--turned
> over responsibility for fighting the fire to the federal government.
> Served agencies had included the sheriff's offices in Douglas, Arapahoe,
> Jefferson and Teller counties as well as the Jefferson County Incident
> Management Team; West Metro (Denver) 911 Center; and the Federal Type 1
> Wildland Fire Incident Management Team command centers. More than two
> dozen amateurs remained on duty by week's end, Ryan said, to provide
> round-the-clock support for the Mile High and Pikes Peak chapters of the
> American Red Cross and The Salvation Army. Amateurs from the Jefferson,
> Douglas, Park, Arapahoe, Pikes Peak, Boulder, Denver, Adams, Fremont and
> Pueblo ARES groups have been participating.
>
> Offers of assistance have been received from individual hams outside of
> the state. Colorado Section Emergency Coordinator Mike Morgan, N5LPZ,
> said, "Since the different groups have drilled together in the past,
> coordination and cooperation between groups is seamless."
>
> Ryan said light rain by the end of the week provided welcome relief,
> although the Hayman Fire was only about 5 percent contained.
>
> Meanwhile, some 150 miles west of Denver, the Coal Seam Fire near Glenwood
> Springs has burned 10,000 acres and destroyed 28 homes. Most evacuated
> residents were allowed to return home as cooler temperatures and
> decreasing winds allowed firefighters to gain ground against the blaze,
> Ryan said. Eleven hams from Garfield and Eagle ARES groups supported Red
> Cross shelters in the area.
>
> ==>FCC DISMISSES EMP SHIELDING PROPOSAL
>
> The FCC has dismissed a petition that would have required all electronic
> equipment subject to the Commission's jurisdiction--possibly including
> amateur gear--to be shielded against electromagnetic pulse (EMP) damage.
> The petition, filed last fall by Don Schellhardt and Nick Leggett, N3NL,
> was put on public notice in December and designated as RM-10330.
>
> "The comments filed in response to the Public Notice overwhelmingly favor
> dismissing the petition for rule making," the FCC told the petitioners by
> letter May 24. "Contrary to your claim, several commenters point to
> standards that the industry has adopted which address EMP protection."
> Fourteen parties filed comments, and four separate parties filed replies,
> the FCC said in turning down the petition. The ARRL did not comment on the
> Schellhardt-Leggett proposal.
>
> As drafted, the Schellhardt-Leggett proposals would have applied to both
> new and existing equipment falling within its scope and would have
> included at least some Amateur Radio equipment. In 1986, Schellhardt and
> Leggett filed a similar petition with the FCC seeking a Notice of Inquiry
> on possible shielding of electronics against EMP. They say the September
> 11 terrorist attacks motivated them to approach the FCC once more on the
> topic.
>
> EMP--a high-voltage wave of electromagnetic energy--already is known to be
> a side effect of a thermonuclear explosion. But Schellhardt and Leggett
> claimed that terrorists could initiate an EMP using other
> technology--so-called "E bombs"--developed by the US military but, as yet,
> untested on a major scale.
>
> Leggett told the ARRL that the primary intention was to promote serious
> discussion on the EMP issue.
>
> The FCC noted that among the commenters was the Alliance for
> Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), which argued that its
> Committee T1 was developing standards to protect telephone switching
> facilities from EMP. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
> also indicated that it was developing voluntary EMP standards aimed at the
> protection of commercial buildings and equipment.
>
> A voluntary EMP standards development process, the FCC concluded, "is the
> best method for developing guidelines and safeguards to address protection
> of the communications infrastructure." In light of that activity, the FCC
> added, "it appears that government intervention is not warranted."
>
> ==>MISSIONARY KILLED IN PHILIPPINES WAS AMATEUR LICENSEE
>
> Martin R. "Ray" Burnham, the US missionary pilot held captive with his
> wife for more than a year in the Philippines and killed during a military
> rescue attempt June 7, was an Amateur Radio licensee, KC0DNB. Burnham, 42,
> from Rose Hill, Kansas, near Wichita, held a Technician license issued in
> 1998.
>
> The circumstances of Burnham's death still are not clear. Burnham's wife,
> Gracia, was wounded by gunfire but was expected to recover. A Philippine
> nurse, Ediborah Yap, also died. The Burnhams had been held hostage since
> May 2001 by Abu Sayyaf, a Muslim extremist group. Several Philippine
> soldiers and rebels also were said to have died in the rescue attempt.
>
> A native of Wichita, Burnham was a graduate of Calvary Bible College and
> Wichita Aviation Education Center. He also completed missionary training
> with New Tribes Mission, with which he'd served for the past 17 years. He
> was the son of missionary parents who have served in the Philippines since
> 1969.
>
> The Burnhams have three children, Jeff, 15; Mindy 12, and Zach, 11. For
> more information, visit the New Tribes Mission Web site
> <http://www.ntm.org>.
>
> ==>SOLAR UPDATE
>
> Mighty morphin' solar power ranger Tad Cook, K7VVV, Seattle, Washington,
> reports: Solar activity has been fairly low recently--or at least it seems
> low compared to the rest of the long peak of this solar cycle. On June 13
> the NOAA SESC sunspot count was 126, the lowest in nearly a month.
>
> This week sunspot numbers and solar flux were lower. Average daily Sunspot
> numbers were down more than 33 points from last week's average, and
> average solar flux was down more than 21 points.
>
> No big upsets are predicted for the next few days, which is good for
> participants in the All Asia DX CW Contest this weekend. Solar flux is
> expected to rise over the next few days, to 135, 140 and 145 for Friday
> through Sunday. Current projection shows a peak around 185 from June
> 23-25.
>
> Sunspot numbers for June 6 through 12 were 190, 190, 181, 180, 177, 131
> and 134, with a mean of 169. The 10.7-cm flux was 154.5, 158.3, 155.2,
> 157.1, 151.6, 147.8, and 141.7, with a mean of 152.3. Estimated planetary
> A indices were 10, 9, 15, 15, 16, 12, and 10, with a mean of 12.4.
>
> __________________________________
>
> ==>IN BRIEF:
>
> * This weekend on the radio: Kid's Day, the All Asian DX Contest (CW), the
> SMIRK Contest, the AGCW VHF/UHF Contest, the West Virginia QSO Party and
> the Marconi Memorial HF Contest are the weekend of June 15-16. JUST AHEAD:
> ARRL ARRL Field Day, His Majesty the King of Spain Contest (SSB) and the
> QRP ARCI Milliwatt Field Day are the weekend of June 22-23. See the ARRL
> Contest Branch page <http://www.arrl.org/contests/> and the WA7BNM Contest
> Calendar <http://www.hornucopia.com/contestcal/index.html> for more info.
>
> * ARRL inaugurates "Logs Received" page: ARRL has inaugurated an automated
> "Logs Received" Web page <http://www.arrl.org/contests/claimed/> starting
> with entries for the ARRL June VHF QSO Party. All properly submitted
> electronic logs that are issued a receipt by the contest robot are
> automatically added to the page on an hourly basis. Logs that are returned
> to the sender with a message citing problems that need correction are not
> issued a receipt by the robot and will not appear on the list. Listings
> will only appear once corrections are made by the participant and the
> re-submitted log has been given a receipt by the robot. Paper logs that
> must be manually entered by the ARRL Contest Branch staff also will not
> appear on the list until after submission deadlines have passed for the
> contest and all data entry for the paper logs has been completed. This
> automated system will be utilized for all future ARRL-sponsored contests
> that are supported by the Cabrillo format and the contest robot. Field Day
> is not supported by the robot. Field Day logs will be posted once all
> initial data entry for the event has been finished. For more information,
> contact ARRL Contest Branch Manager Dan Henderson, n1nd@arrl.org;
> 860-594-0232.
>
> * Certification and Continuing Education course registration: Registration
> for the Level II ARRL Amateur Radio Emergency Communications course
> (EC-002) and for Antenna Modeling (EC-004) remains open through the June
> 15-16 weekend. Registration for Level III Amateur Radio Emergency
> Communications (EC-003) and for HF Digital Communications (EC-005) opens
> Monday, June 17. All registrations open at 4 PM Eastern Time. ARRL
> Emergency Communications courses must be completed in order, starting with
> Level I. To learn more, visit the ARRL Certification and Continuing
> Education Web page <http://www.arrl.org/cce> and the C-CE Links found
> there. For more information, contact Certification and Continuing
> Education Program Coordinator Dan Miller, K3UFG, cce@arrl.org.
>
> * 2003 ARRL National Convention set for Texas: In response to a proposal
> from Ham-Com <http://www.hamcom.org>, the ARRL Board of Directors has
> authorized an ARRL National Convention to be held June 20-22, 2003, in
> Arlington, Texas, coinciding with the next Ham-Com. The Board's vote was
> unanimous. "I'm extremely pleased that the 2003 national convention will
> be held in the Dallas-Fort Worth area," said ARRL President Jim Haynie,
> W5JBP, who lives in Dallas. Besides the honor of having the national
> convention held in his home state, "it gives me an opportunity to at least
> not spend the night in a hotel," Haynie quipped. ARRL West Gulf Director
> Coy Day, N5OK, and Ham-Com organizers made a formal announcement at
> Ham-Com the weekend of June 8-9. Additional details will follow.
>
> * ARRL, United Technologies Corporation to announce joint initiative: ARRL
> and United Technologies Corporation (UTC) will hold a joint press
> conference June 18 to announce a UTC-funded initiative to significantly
> enhance emergency service capabilities in the State of Connecticut. The
> press briefing will take place on the grounds of ARRL Headquarters. The
> two organizations hope that the work done with UTC's generous donation
> eventually can serve as a model for other states. Connecticut Lt Gov M.
> Jodi Rell has been invited join ARRL and UTC representatives, who will
> explain the program and its significance to emergency communications and
> homeland security. Connecticut Section Manager Betsey Doane, K1EIC, New
> England Division Director Tom Frenaye, K1KI, and amateurs from around the
> state also are expected to attend. A demonstration of Maxim Memorial
> Station W1AW will follow the announcement.
>
> * ARRL Contest Rate Sheet offers timely news for active and casual
> contesters: The ARRL Contest Rate Sheet--a newsletter for those with an
> interest in contests and contesting--is available for e-mail delivery
> free-of-charge to ARRL members. (It's also posted on the ARRL Web site.)
> Members can sign up now for delivery. The Rate Sheet editor is Ward
> Silver, N0AX, who also edits "Contest Corral" in QST and is a regular
> contributor to other QST departments as well as to National Contest
> Journal. Each issue of the Rate Sheet includes news, announcements and
> notices for a two-week period, plus contest tips and technical/technique
> briefs. Silver invites suggestions for content and organization via e-mail
> to rate-sheet@arrl.org. ARRL members can subscribe to the ARRL Contest
> Rate Sheet by logging onto the ARRL Web site as a member, then going to
> the Member Data Page
> <http://www.arrl.org/members-only/memdata.html?modify=1>. Under the
> heading "Which of the following would you like to receive automatically
> via email from ARRL?" check the box for "ARRL Contest Rate Sheet (biweekly
> contest newsletter)."
>
> * ARRL VEC loses key team member to retirement: Assistant to the Volunteer
> Examiner Coordinator Manager Wayne Irwin, W1KI, retired June 12 after
> seven years of service. An ARRL Life Member and Extra class licensee,
> Irwin came to work at ARRL headquarters following a 25-year career as a
> business machine technician with Xerox Corporation. Outside of ARRL HQ,
> Amateur Radio is an important factor in his family. His wife, Louise,
> W1LRI, and oldest daughter Laura, KA1TMJ, are ARRL family members. They
> hope to soon be joined by youngest daughter Becky, who just completed
> kindergarten and already wants to know when she can get her own call sign.
> (Her dad tells her, simply, "As soon you can pass the exam.") Irwin plans
> to resume service as a Volunteer Examiner as soon as he and his family are
> established in their new home in Ocala, Florida. ARRL VEC Manager Bart
> Jahnke, W9JJ, said he would miss Irwin's assistance and good counsel and
> wished him a happy retirement.
>
> * Connecticut proclaims Amateur Radio Week: Connecticut Gov John Rowland
> has proclaimed June 16-23--the week leading up to ARRL Field Day--as
> "Amateur Radio Week" in the State of Connecticut. The governor's official
> statement notes that Connecticut is home to ARRL Headquarters and
> acknowledges the League's "Big Project" educational initiative "to
> interest school children in the sciences through the gateway of Amateur
> Radio." Additionally, Rowland's proclamation cites the SKYWARN
> weather-spotting program, the Amateur Radio Emergency Service, Amateur
> Radio's role in the Connecticut Public Television Science Fair and Amateur
> Radio's contribution of free communications to various public service
> events. The proclamation also acknowledges Field Day as an "emergency
> exercise encampment and demonstration of Radio Amateurs' skills and
> readiness."
>
> * New Hampshire governor declares June Amateur Radio month: New Hampshire
> Gov Jeanne Shaheen has proclaimed June as "Amateur Radio Month" in the
> Granite State. The proclamation salutes the volunteer emergency and public
> service communications contributions of New Hampshire's 5000 Amateur Radio
> operators. Each New Hampshire governor since 1985 has recognized by
> proclamation the third week of June--leading up to Field Day--as Amateur
> Radio Week. Gov Shaheen has elected to expand recognition from the single
> week to the whole month of June, in part because of the exemplary response
> by the state's Amateur Radio operators in the wake of the September 11
> terrorist attacks. For more information on New Hampshire Amateur Radio
> Field Day activities, visit the ARRL New Hampshire Section Web site
> <http://www.nhradio.org/contents.html>.
>
> * ISS Expedition 5 crew chief active on air: Stan Vandiver, W4SV, in
> Indiana, reports he worked International Space Station Expedition 5 Crew
> Commander Valeri Korzun June 10 on 2 meters at 0222 UTC. "He was using
> call sign RS0ISS, and he complimented my Russian!" said Vandiver, who
> sprinkled a few Russian words into his exchange. "I hope this is a sign of
> things to come for this crew!" Vandiver said Korzun worked some other
> stations before his contact, which he recorded and posted on his Web site
> <http://stan.vandiver.com/space.html>.
>
> * K1D means it's Kid's Day again for W1DAD and K1MOM: Kid's Day, Saturday,
> June 15, from 1800 to 2400 UTC, is one way to invest in the future of
> Amateur Radio. Scheduled twice a year, in January and June, Kid's Day is
> an opportunity for amateurs to introduce their own youngsters, young
> relatives or neighborhood kids to the magic of Amateur Radio and, in the
> process, to perhaps open the door to a lifelong hobby. Among regular
> participants are Peter and Jeanne Schipelliti, W1DAD and K1MOM, and their
> kids Geena, 7, and Luciano, 5. The Schipellitis once again will be on the
> air from New Hampshire with special event call sign K1D through June 16.
> Listen for K1D on 7230, 14,270, 21,380 and 28,380 kHz. Hams who plan to
> put youngsters on the air for Kid's Day can get a free Amateur Radio
> coloring book and youth-oriented operating aids from K1MOM with an e-mail
> to k1mom@arrl.net. Details on Kid's Day are available on the ARRL Web site
> <http://www.arrl.org/FandES/ead/kd-rules.html>. John Creel, WB3GXW,
> advised the Silver Spring, Maryland, will have the 147.180 repeater linked
> on Echolink to the *WASH_DC* Conference server for Kid's Day.
>
> * New Extra class question pool effective July 1: Starting July 1, a new
> Amateur Extra class (Element 4) question pool goes into effect for
> examinations given on or after that date. The new pool contains more than
> 800 questions--up from the present 685. There is no change in the number
> of questions or the passing grade for examinations derived from the new
> question pool, however, and no other examination elements are affected. A
> representative from ARRL VEC sits on the Question Pool Committee, which is
> composed of representatives of four of the nation's Volunteer Examiner
> Coordinator organizations. Question pools are revised and updated on a
> timetable determined by the QPC, which is soliciting candidate questions
> based on the recently released Technician (Element 2) syllabus. All
> current question pools are available on the ARRL Amateur Exam Question
> Pools Web site <http://www.arrl.org/arrlvec/pools.html>.
>
> * Solar eclipse data document drop in sun's microwave intensity: On June
> 11, a partial eclipse (technically, an annular eclipse) began just after
> 0000 UTC, covering roughly half of the sun at maximum, which occurred at
> around 0120 UTC. For continental US viewers, the event was visible
> primarily on the West Coast. The Solar Radio Burst Locator at Caltech's
> Owens Valley Radio Observatory near Bishop, California, continuously
> monitors the sun's microwave output over the entire solar disk. Caltech's
> Brian L. Dougherty has provided graphs of the solar microwave eclipse. A
> data plot shows a relative dip in intensity observed within three
> frequency ranges. To prepare this plot, averages were calculated on the
> day of the eclipse and the day before the eclipse within the 2-4, 4-8, and
> 8-16 GHz bands. Then the ratio of fluxes on June 11 versus those measured
> on June 10 was formed. To view the graph, visit the microwave eclipse Web
> page <http://srbl.caltech.edu/020610.html>.--thanks to Bob Gonsett, W6VR
>
> ===========================================================
> The ARRL Letter is published Fridays, 50 times each year, by the American
> Radio Relay League--The National Association For Amateur Radio--225 Main
> St, Newington, CT 06111; tel 860-594-0200; fax 860-594-0259;
> http://www.arrl.org. Jim Haynie, W5JBP, President
>
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