[GreenKeys] Fwd: excerpt about the Teletype corporation

[Henry Minsky]

>http://www.navyrelics.com/tribute/bellsys/doc/western_electric_and_the_bell=
_system.doc
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>This is an excerpt about the Teletype corporation, from this document:
>Western Electric
>and the
>Bell System
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>A SURVEY OF SERVICE
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>Edited By Albert B. Iardella
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>Published by Western Electric Company, 195 Broadway, New York, N.Y.
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>NOTE: This document was created from a scan of the original manuscript and=
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>converted to text by means of optical character recognition=20
>software.  Last proofread November 20, 1998.
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>WESTERN ELECTRIC AND THE BELL SYSTEM
>A SURVEY OF SERVICE
>   1964 Western Electric Company, Incorporated
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>Printed in U.S.A
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>Teletype Corporation
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>Teletype Corporation is Western Electric's largest subsidiary and is
>engaged in the research, development and manufacture of a complete
>line of data communications equipment.
>
>Messages and data can be sent between locations, locally or long
>distance, and provide a record of any transaction either as a
>typewritten page copy (plain paper or business forms) or as a strip of
>coded punched tape.
>
>AT&T introduced its teletypewriter exchange service (TWX) in 1931.
>During the first year, only 50 messages a day were routed over the
>system.  Today, about 98,000 messages are normal traffic.  In
>September, 1962, the TWX network was converted to dial operation in
>the largest cut-over in telephone history.  Some 60,000 stations were
>involved.  As a result, all TWX stations went to AU-Number Calling and
>a national TWX information center in St. Louis, Missouri became
>accessible by dialing a common code.
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>Two of the major companies that provide transoceanic radio Channels
>for teletypewriter users, the Radio Corporation of America and Mackay,
>report that 700 calls a day go out by teletypewriter from New York and
>Washington to more than 25 countries overseas.  Within the United
>States, teleprinter circuits are interconnected by AT&T's
>teletypewriter exchange service.  TWX's 60,000 subscribers can
>communicate with one another through the switched dial network simply
>by dialing the number of the party wanted.  In addition to TWX, there
>are thousands of private line networks, of which the biggest users are
>press associations, airlines and Government departments.
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>Teletype Corporation equipment is part of the DEW Line and SAGE
>Communications System and is used in the 18 Project Mercury tracking
>stations.
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>Teletype Corporation got its biggest boost during World War II.  In a
>war that required out-producing the enemy, swift, written communiqu=E9s
>were needed to avoid calamitous errors in coordinating war production.
>Also in long-distance conferences, teleprinter communiqu=E9s could be
>"scrambled" more easily than telephone voices.
>
>Teletype Corporation moved into new headquarters in Skokie, Illinois,
>a Chicago suburb, in 1960.  The modern research laboratories,
>administration building and manufacturing facilities cover a total of
>one million square feet of floor space on an 105 acre site.  The
>company also operates a small manufacturing plant in Little Rock,
>Arkansas.
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>Total work force is over 5,000 people.  In addition, 33 Western
>Electric Supplies Service employees are resident at Teletype
>Corporation.  They are the coordinating unit for procuring Teletype
>equipment for the various distributing houses, Long Lines and
>operating telephone company locations.
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>The company's new Model 30 series of equipment is as modern as the new
>Teletype plant.  These newly designed sets fill the ever-expanding
>needs of business and industry for a faster more flexible means of
>communication.  Equipped with four row keyboards and automatic
>character generators the Model 33 and 35 lines offer a new dimension
>in operator ease and convenience.
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>The Model 28 unit which was first introduced to Bell System service in
>1954 is still the hard core of service use.  The Model 28 series
>operates at up to 100 words a minute for page teletypewriters and up
>to 200 words a minute for some tape punching units.  The previous
>model - No. 15 - operated up to 75 words per minute.
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>A recent addition to Teletypes equipment line has been the high-speed
>tape-to-tape system.  This system transmits and receives taped data on
>the rate of 1,050 words per minute.  The Bell System markets this
>under the trademark DATASPEED.
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>Teletypewriter machines operate by the transmission of electrical
>pulses over communication channels from a sending unit to one or more
>receiving sets - as close by as across the room, or as far away as
>outer space.  The sending unit creates pulses when the typewriter-like
>keys are pressed.  The receiving unit converts pulses back into
>mechanical action, imprinting letters, figures and other characters on
>a roll of paper or business forms.  In the code, each letter or number
>is represented by a distinct combination of electrical pulses.
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>Key to versatility of the Model 28 and 35 lines is a unique device
>about the size of a carton of king-size cigarettes that is known as a
>"stunt box." "Stunt" is an old printing telegraph term for non-typing
>functions such as spacing, carriage return, linefeed or switching.
>The stunt box makes it easy to add extra features to the
>teletypewriters horizontal and vertical tabulators, for example.  It
>also makes it possible to activate switches on or off from remote
>locations.
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>One of the principal applications of the stunt box has been to provide
>an economical selective calling system.  Messages can be directed only
>to machines located at places that are actually concerned with the
>information being transmitted - a particular plant location, for
>instance.  Printers in a system that are not called in for that
>particular message are always on the alert, their stunt boxes
>continually riding the line, waiting for specific information to be
>directed to them.
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>Teletype Corporation equipment offers not only a means of transmitting
>data whenever it is needed, but it provides a record of any
>transaction either in the form of the typewritten word or as a strip
>of coded tape which can be stored or used to activate business
>machines.  With such versatility, Teletype equipment is ideally fitted
>for the job of feeding electronic data machines and then getting the
>information quickly distributed to the field.  A great deal of
>Teletype research since the war has been devoted to faster
>transmission and printing of data.
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>While Teletype Corporation does not appear as a separate block on the
>WE organization chart, supervision of the company's interest in
>Teletype comes under the jurisdiction of WE Vice
>President-Manufacturing-Area B.