[Elecraft] Efficiency of MFJ remotely-tuned loop antennas

Alan Bloom n1al at sonic.net
Mon Jan 18 23:54:51 EST 2021


 > There is a reason why top quality variable capacitors often use 
welded plates.

I believe they do weld the capacitor plates and also weld the loop to 
the capacitor.  (I don't have one, but that's what I've read.)

 > Yours is a limited theoretical analysis ... not a practical one.

A number of reviews I have read (including the QST review of August 
1994) have reported comparable performance to full-sized wire antennas 
located on the same site.  If the loop is down by, say, 3 dB, that's 
only half an S unit, which would hardly  be noticeable in the QSB of a 
typical amateur band.


As I see it, the advantages of the MFJ-1786 10-30 MHz loop are:

- Continuous coverage on 6 amateur bands.  A convenient way to cover all 
the WARC bands.
- Small and light.
- Omni-directional (when mounted horizontally)  so does not need a rotor.
- No control cable required - control voltage is fed through the coax.
- Narrow bandwidth provides excellent RF selectivity.  Might be good on 
Field Day to reduce inter-station QRM.
- Users have reported lower receiver noise compared to wire antennas.  
No doubt that is because the isolated pickup loop prevents feedline 
radiation/pickup.

And the disadvantages:

- Expensive ($500 list price)
- Less gain than a simple dipole (although you would theoretically need 
6 of them).
- Fiddly to tune.  If you QSY too far you have to re-tune.
- MFJ quality control leaves something to be desired.  (You may have to 
open it up when you get it and  make minor repairs.)
- You have to pay attention to the problem of entry of water and/or bugs 
into the housing.
- The controller can be damaged by a DC short in the coax e.g. from an 
shorting-type antenna switch.  (I don't understand why MFJ didn't 
include a fuse or some other way to protect the controller.)

I probably wouldn't buy the 7-21 MHz MFJ-1788 because of the poor 
efficiency at 7 MHz.  I think you'd have a better signal just using the 
coax as a random end-fed wire (with a tuner).

Alan N1AL


On 1/18/2021 8:17 PM, David Gilbert wrote:
>
> You are neglecting the losses in various connections in the system ... 
> including possibly the construction of the capacitor itself. I don't 
> believe that they are insignificant.  There is a reason why top 
> quality variable capacitors often use welded plates.
>
> I would also guess that contact resistance is worse for dissimilar 
> materials, such as a copper wire to an aluminum tube.
>
> Yours is a limited theoretical analysis ... not a practical one.
>
> Dave   AB7E
>
>
>
> On 1/18/2021 5:38 PM, Alan Bloom wrote:
>> Well let's see...
>>
>> Radiation resistance of a small loop is 31,171 * (Area / wavelength^2)^2
>>
>> For a loop with a 91cm diameter at 14 MHz, I believe that comes out 
>> to 0.064 ohms.
>>
>> Assuming the loss is due to the RF resistance of the loop:
>>
>> From the internet I get the volume resistivity and skin depth for 
>> 6063 aluminum is 0.03 microohms-meter and 23.3 micrometers 
>> respectively, so the surface resistivity is 0.03/23.3 = 0.0013 ohms 
>> per square.  The outside circumference of the tubing is PI * 1.05" = 
>> 3.3" and the loop length is PI * 36" = 113" so the loss resistance is 
>> .0013 * 113/3.3 = 0.045 ohms.
>>
>> So I calculate an efficiency of 0.064 / (0.064 + 0.045) = 59%
>>
>> So worse than AEA claimed, but in the ballpark.
>>
>> Alan N1AL
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On 1/18/2021 3:39 PM, Wayne Burdick wrote:
>>> Hi Alan,
>>>
>>> 72% sounds a bit high. Is this number based on loop size alone ("in 
>>> theory")? Or are they taking conductor geometry and other losses 
>>> into account?
>>>
>>> Wayne
>>> N6KR
>>>
>>>
>>>> On Jan 18, 2021, at 2:05 PM, Alan Bloom <n1al at sonic.net> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> MFJ makes a pair of small, remotely-tuned loop antennas, the 
>>>> MFJ-1786 that covers 10-30 MHz and the MFJ-1788 that covers 7 to 
>>>> 21+ MHz.  As far as I can tell, the two antennas are identical 
>>>> except for the size of the tuning capacitor.  Each consists of a 3 
>>>> foot (91 cm) diameter loop made of aluminum tubing and a plastic 
>>>> housing that contains the tuning capacitor, motor, and coupling 
>>>> loop.  No control cable is required since the control voltage is 
>>>> sent from the control box in the shack to the motor in the antenna 
>>>> via the coaxial cable.
>>>>
>>>> Before I purchase one of these I wanted to get an idea of the 
>>>> efficiency of such a small loop.  MFJ is silent on the subject so I 
>>>> did my own calculations.  The calculations and results are on a 
>>>> 1-page document that I uploaded to Dropbox and can be downloaded here:
>>>>
>>>> https://www.dropbox.com/s/l8mv67cjrck2ssn/MFJ-1786-1788.pdf?dl=0
>>>>
>>>> My calculations are based on the assumption that the efficiency of 
>>>> the MFJ antennas is similar to the (no longer manufactured) AEA 
>>>> Isoloop (my reasoning for that is in the document) and that AEA's 
>>>> specification of 72% efficiency at 14 MHz is correct.  From that 
>>>> number I can calculate the efficiency and gain on all the other bands.
>>>>
>>>> If you don't want to download the document, here is a summary of 
>>>> the results:
>>>>
>>>> Freq    Eff    Gain with respect to a half-wave dipole
>>>> MHz    dB    dBd
>>>> 7.0    -7.3    -7.7
>>>> 10.1    -3.5    -3.9
>>>> 14.0    -1.4    -1.8
>>>> 18.068    -0.6    -1.0
>>>> 21.0    -0.4    -0.8
>>>> 24.89    -0.2    -0.6
>>>> 28.0    -0.15    -0.5
>>>>
>>>> I'd be interested in any comments people may have on the accuracy of
>>>> my assumptions and calculations in the document.
>>>>
>>>> Alan N1AL
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>>>
>>
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>
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