Actually the bulk of the Navy's ELF TX antenna in Clam Lake WI is/was burried underground... Jon w1jp > Before we laugh too much, underground antennas do work. See "Practical > Wire > Antennas", John Heys, G3BDQ, p79: Subsurface (underground) Antennas. (OK, > define, "work"). > > Rich > NU6T <snip/>