[CW] UA3AO Book on Bugs

[D.J.J. Ring, Jr. via CW]

 Book on Bugs by VA Pakhomov, UA3AO, "Mr. Bug"  (Google machine translate
Russian -> English)

Russian:  *http://www.rkk-museum.ru/collections/pakhomov/images/ua3ao_school.pdf
<http://www.rkk-museum.ru/collections/pakhomov/images/ua3ao_school.pdf>*


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Moscow, 2013 Library Radiomuzeya RSC VA Pakhomov, UA3AO W C O L A transmit
Morse code in the semi-mechanical telegraph key

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2 By author This work is proposed as tutorial transmission of these keys,
designed hams, that can receive and transmit on hearing on any Keys -
Electronic, vertical, bilateral - at a rate of about 120 characters per
minute. Work on the "bugs" (Eng. Bug - beetle), namely the so-called these
keys for over 100 years, is not rare to hear in the range areas of the
amateur service. Most often it is very mediocre, difficult to read with an
illegal transfer of a departure from the standard Darth relationship
duration dashes and pauses to point to virtually non-configured keys. All
of these outward signs of one uniquely indicate that the radio amateur
began working on "Bug" without first setting hands and adjustment key.
Further, it is set up and installation exercises on your BUG-e will be
given special attention. If you are working on traditional electronic key,
then there are points pass the thumb and forefinger dash, then development
of "bug" will be held without any significant difficulties. This is the
passing style inherited from his electronic key the celebrated that
ancestor. How to help those who for some reason went to pass the point
indicated index finger, will decide later. But that's not all. And what
Lefty? But if he, too, on the electronic key transmits point forefinger,
then for him to work BUG-e difficulties will not cause all the guidelines
apply him without any reservations. With left-handed, running on a standard
electronic key, ie point of thumb, there are some difficulties in the
acquisition or modification of BUG-a. As for the statement of hands and
technology transfer, that strict adherence to methodological guidelines
will, as shown by Vaeth experience a positive result.

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3 BIRTH BUG-a Part 1 Official appearance of the first semi-automatic
mechanical key is registered in the US Patent and documented the №842,154
on January 22, 1907 The author of this invention, an outstanding TV Horace
Greeley grafist Martin (Horace G. Martin) gave the name of his own creation
Vibroplex (photo 1). The idea and the design was quickly picked up by
Martin many companies in different countries - England, Germany, Australia,
Canada and others. Corporate trademark Vibroplex Co. Inc.s image Beetle
(Bug with red wings in an oval) was registered in 1920 (photo 2). Photo 1
Photo 2

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4 Horace G. Martin, continuing to improve their offspring, developed model
with one common for dots and dashes contact and called it Vibroplex-X
(Photo 3). Photo 3 And the most unusual model, based on the model laid "X"
BUG is a vertical design, which was named Upright or Vertical (1916-1919
Photo by 4). Photo 4 Professional telegraph worked, as a rule, personal
keys and Martin, given this fact, developed a miniature model Martin Midget
(photo 5), which could be carried in a pocket.

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5 Photo 5 DEVICE BUG-a Consider the device and try to remember the name of
the parts con- struction that different models may vary slightly with each
other (Photo 6 and 7). Photo 6

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6 Picture 7 Photo 6 on a model Vibroplex Original, but rather on the Photo
7 common Japanese model VC-100. Constructive solutions to these "Bugs" are
somewhat different arrangement of some of the details, but the appointment
Off the embodiment, in any of the same. Now let's look at the name and
purpose of these on 6 and 7 Photos parts "bugs" Number details Photo 6 on
Title details on Photo 7 English Part title and its purpose 1 Pendulum
Damper Device for stopping the oscillation Pendulum - damper 2 Pendulum
Weight Bob pendulum to change the velocity increased transmission 3 and 6
Dot Contacts U-contact and contact with lock tion stand with screw
adjustment pro- Zora 4 and 8 Dwell Adjustment Right and left stoppers
mobile system to adjust the amplitude oscillation of the pendulum 5 Dash
Tension Spring controller settings stiffness dash 7 Dot Tension Spring
controller settings stiffness points

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7 9 Dash Contacts Contact dash with a screw adjustment clearance Base
(Base), two terminals (Terminals), handle (Lever) and bearing bracket (Main
Yoke) are not indicated, since the elements of the settings are not.
SETTING THE BUG-a In this section, to expand the horizons turn our
attention to the most complex to set up and is perhaps one of the rarest in
the collector medium Australian Automorse Automatic BUG (photo 8 and 9).
Picture 8 Photo 9 This BUG was made ​​in Australia in the 1920s. It has
three handles, which allow you to work on it as an automatic,
semi-automatic skom "bug" and both bilaterally. Automatic BUG has not
received wide who spread the professionals, because the last dash in the
signs of Pe- redavalos shortened and the rate was limited, but in the case
of using tion of the third handles transmission dash, he worked as an
ordinary poluavtoma- matic BUG. During the setup of the key affected parts
21-23. To set up your wonderful tool it necessary be carefully cleaned. It
is necessary to remember (!): 1. To disassemble the "bug" only use the
special tool the desired size and shape - wrenches, screwdrivers. 2.
Stubborn screws, nuts pre-moisten with oil or for example, WD-40 (there are
usually at motorists ...) and minutes later 15-20 unscrew without making
significant efforts - aged metal can be fragile (it is possible that you
have on the table radio ties of the early twentieth century). 3. As
disassembly, all parts, except plastic bushing bushings and pens should be
rinsed with boiling water, treating them with the brush with soap and water
(dry very quickly), and then - alcohol (you can acetone nom, but not the
base!).

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8 4. Only clean the base with a brush (tooth) with soap and water, followed
by washing with hot water. All threaded holes necessarily processed thief
alcohol. 5. Adjusting screws and lock nuts with curly knurled desirable but
loosened without tools, and if the pliers, the preliminary tive knurled
wrap a piece of huskies or dense matter. 6. Do not use the needle files or
sandpaper for cleaning workers con- cycles - only hard eraser! Assembly
"bug" produce on the table, laid by anything white - will see after
assembly "extra" item - Washers, Grover ... In process Behold assembly
fasteners not screw all the way up until not Make sure that all parts have
taken their place and there was no spare. Two metal strips (photo 10)
connecting the contact racks to the terminal, after assembling the tester
to check for the absence of contact mass (base "bug"). The third short
strip is only "Bugs", equipped with a second handle. Photo 10 To fine-tune
the transmission points may need an analog tester but if not, then set up
in a simpler way. Now dovintit all fasteners until it stops. The vertical
axis rotation of the movable until the adjusted simply retained tapered
apertures in the end upper and lower fixing screws. If at your disposal a
new BUG, his cleaning is reduced only to working contacts, and setting
items 1, 2, 3 and 4 are skipped. So start preparing our wonderful tool to
work those i.e. setting: 1. 2/3 unscrew the adjusting screws 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
(see Fig. 6 Picture). 2. Long - 120-140mm - a screwdriver to fix the screw
shown in the Photo 11, the lower vertical screw after setting them height
above the base of the mobile system so that the U-contact

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9 touch the terminals "6" to the uprights with a slight vertical
deflection. 3. Slowly screwing the upper fixing screw vertical axis, pre-
beat to all mobile system had little vertical clearance, whereupon the
fingers lock screw nut (Photo 12). If you fix the axis of rotation without
backlash, the Pe- transmission points will not be possible. Photo 12 Foto11
4. Gently press the end of the pendulum to the ring damper and hold it in
this position, rotate the screw "4" to the mobile contact parts system. Fix
the screw "4" his nut. 5. Screwing the screw "7", the familiar tune (as in
electronic key) stiffness-stick to transfer points. 6. Press to lock the
handle with your thumb and hold it in such a position while turning the
screw "8", set the distance between the end of the pendulum and the damper
ring "1" equal to 2.5-3 mm. Lock screw "8" nut. Rotating the screw "9",
establishes Vai contact gap "dash" equal to 1-1.5 mm. Stiffness spring "5"
should be approximately the same as that of the spring "7". In the presence
of the dynamometer, this part of the settings can be pro- carry with it, or
to adjust from the usual work manipulator electronic key tactile
sensations. 7. Setting the transfer points (pos. "3" and "6") is reduced to
obtaining impact the possibility of transfer at the touch of the order of
20 points until full contact closure. 8. Connect to terminals "bug" a sound
generator and dynamic MIC hearing process control settings tech transfer.
One can and use the transceiver in a mode of self-control when switched off
chennom transmitter. Secure sinker "2" at a distance of 1/3 length of the
pendulum from its end. Press the knob to the transfer point and hold it in
this position Research Institute of stopping the other hand pendulum
swings. Rotation of the adjusting screw "6" close contact points -

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10 is a continuous press. Now take another 1-2 turns screw "6", and the
U-contact barely noticeable sag. Light blow - not pushing - thumb starts
transmitting Series points. Try a rough estimate of their number GUSTs
until the full transition to the press. Try hard ... count the number of
transmitted together "fives". Assumption bench, turned two - not enough! It
is now clear assignment rotation tion screw "6" to achieve the transmission
of the order of 15-20 points until go to the press. Basically setting BUG-a
is finished. If this process is not you too tired, and you've got an
analogue TE erased, it is possible to bring the setting of "points" to,
say, the ideal state, and this is very important, because in the future the
quality of transition cottages will be determined by the ratio of the
transmitted "dash" and pauses to "point". 9. Instead of the sound generator
connected to terminals "bug" in the tester resistance mode (switch in
position x1). Close and adjust the position of the arrow to "0". Pass a
series of points by watching the position of the arrow tester. If it is
markedly shifted the center position, then gently twisting screw "6" and
continuing to transmit a series of points, make provisions the arrow in the
middle position of the scale. Secure screw kontrgay- Coy. If the arrow is
to the left of the middle position, the vkruchivani- screw it "6" achieve
the desired result, i.e., average by Proposition arrows.

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11 NORMAL POSITION: BUG-a To "bug" on the table is determined by the
operator and depends only on his preferences - a free hand on the table, or
elbow "slid" centimeters from the edges 10. However, in any case, the
transfer carried is movement of the wrist. Fingers almost staying during
the transmission fixed position and in the pauses do not touch the handle.
Free fingers just slightly compressed (Photo 13). Photo 13 WIRING EXERCISES
Unlike in the electronic key on the keypad, the transmission point (a
series of points - E, S, C, X, 5 ...) is carried out not touch pen thumb,
and a light blow with deduction if more than one pass tion point. Pass a
series of letter E with normal pauses between them and not by thumb flexion
and movement of the brush within 30-40 seconds. Trans- give a series of
letters and normal pauses between them (of the brush remember!) for 30 - 40
seconds, or until until no "High skakivanie "the letter C, as it happens
... Further, in the same way working on C, X and 5. When you finish come
into general Vat terms "bug", write the training text, consisting only of
currents laundries signs, broken down into the following groups with
different numbers of characters. For example: CE HI5 SEEH E5S5I SSEH 555E
With EI E55S EEI EX 5E5IS.

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12 If you find that the velocity of the "bug", it is desirable to reduce
until then dobav- those of the second adjusting sinker or a suitable weight
nut Suspended Vav it on a pendulum. The overall rate of transmission during
the development to "bug" should not be less than 100-120 characters / mn.
If necessary, it can be reduced by increasing the pauses. At the same time
it is accustomed to transfer without merging letters in the word. While the
total time transmission of exercises with the points should be
approximately 2 hours (the speed does not allow!). DEVICE FOR CHANGE SPEED
TRANSMISSION Photo 14 Photo 15 Photo 16 In the photo 14, 15 and 16 are
presented the most practical and widely due known device to change the baud
rate - weights, the number of OPERATION AND the provisions of which the
pendulum depends on the frequency of oscillation of the pendulum, ie the
speed of the points (Photo 14), «dot-extender» - optional element of a
pendulum with a small weight, changing the angle to which the pendulum
izmenya- speed- is the larger the angle, the less speed (photo 15) and the
most pro- -empty device used only for QRS - this lengthening axis

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13 potentiometers attached to the end of the pendulum, which can be
transmitted Vat even at a speed of about 40 characters per minute (photo
16)! It should be This notice that BUG initially focused on QRQ. Periodic
inspection QUALITY TRANSMISSION If you can write in any way its transition
dacha, after each workout listen record for identifying of error checking
with the text on the paper. Particular attention should be paid C together
and, on the X instead of C and 5, which can turn into X or Therefore Lucito
extra point. In case of repetition of the same mistakes, such as X instead
of C, exclude the letter C from the texts of the two or three of the
following activities. When your transmission point unmistakable signs left
on the level Accepted for the most difficult part of the work to develop
the "bug" - reflects processing and consolidation of technology transfer
dash. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER DASH Arm in neutral operating position (photo
13). We fall slightly brush edge of his hand resting on the table, left
index finger pushes the handle "bug" the first side portion falangi.Idet
press. Impact rotate the hand to its original position. Fingers during
transmission dash remain in a fixed position - do not try to pass a dash
sgiba- tion index finger! Pass a series of dashes, but once again read the
first paragraph ... now possible. Rhythmically through a quick
"one-two-three-pause-one-two-three-pauza- one-two-three-pause - .... ... ..
"Pass dash for 2-3 minutes with breaks in a few seconds after each minute
series. Now pass the same series, but the word "pause" from the calculation
used conclude. The resulting series of the same dash as in the continuous
Mr. pressing the handle of the manipulator of the electronic key. During
this cross Rhee transmission dash forefinger tend to short gaps between the
dash continues to touch the handle. Total operating time training in the
transfer of the dash should be at least two hours, and the texts fixing
skill transfer points, we continue to transition to give as much as
possible. Write for training text, composed only of signs, expression
conjugated dash, where the digit 0 is not transmitted as T: MT OM PCS ONE
SEED THAT Exodus SHOT0 M0T0 TM0T etc.

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14 TRANSFER OF COMBINATIONS "DOT-DASH" and "DASH-POINT" From the neutral
position (photo 13) pass the letter A - ti-TAA. Crisp short putt thumb and
wrist instant xed left - indicated optional finger presses on the handle -
Ah! Pass a series of letters 15-20 A. To exclude merger transmitted Mykh A
chain letters "ti-ti-ta-ta-ta-ti ..." And after each transmitted quickly
say "time." Worked through this exercise as long as do not stop failures,
errors or stop. Now are working in the same way a combination of
"dash-dot." To beginning will pass under the bill - "one-two-three-and"
where "one-two-three" - is pressing the "DASH", which was at the same time
pronouncing "and" movement right hand should be clear short putt thumb.
Bring these movement to automaticity, handing the letter N for three to
five minutes. Transmission of the text Try to pass a sheet of any
meaningful text. Speed while not increasing, and "bugs" that tend to run on
the table during the transfer, must be locked in the operating position by
any known The methods bong (clay, two-way Velcro, "mouse" pad ...). If
imeet- Xia recording device, then turn it on before. Transmission Vat
without haste, observing spaces and pauses. At the end of a record to
verify with the text. If you find two or three mistakes, then keep it
uprazhne- of a duration should be about three minutes, to obtain error-free
result. What follows is an exercise of the discharge SUPER. TEXT AFTER
TRANSFER With the help of an electronic key, or other means, prepare a
record of semantic text running time kotoro- should be of about three
minutes, with pauses between words, about 2 -3 seconds. Take a comfortable
working on your "bug" position and turn prepared by recording on playback.
Upon hearing the first word, immediately pass it after! And so - every next
word. If not accepted word, after a pause transmit the following - do not
stop! Having a positive result in working with such exercise, you are ready
to talk to CW "bug" on the air.

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15 Work on these keys is accompanied by metal bounce, you are a called a
collision of mobile and fixed construction details. After prolonged use,
this phenomenon can be tedious, but it if necessary, easily removable
follows: cut from thin skin three square size approximately 5x5 mm and glue
their "moment" in the tangent point locking screws "4" and "8" on the part
Therefore xed parts (photo 16 and 17) and the side surface of the damper
base in the place of that strike his piece with the eccentric wheel (Photo
18). Photo 16 Photo 17 Photo 18

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16 ACCIDENT Many radio amateurs to operate CW, can only be carried out
stations dard "types" of communication, the contents of which the scope of
RST, QTH, NAME does not go out, but are brilliant contesters. If the
activity "after transfer" was you can not afford, then this there is an
accident. It is fixable, but one crucial uslovii- you want to become the
operator of a higher level, to the question correlations respondents "How
old are you?" do not answer "Antenna GP and 500 watts." Locate websites
RU-QRP-C, BSCC Moscow radio club or my "Teach reception by ear ", work on
it for two months and then return here in different Affairs "Transferring
text after". BUG for left-handers It was noted above that the left-hander,
transmitting point on electronic key index finger, can run on a standard
"Bug". For left-handers, the transmitting point your thumb, you can offer
two ways to resolve the problem. 1. Order of the left-hand BUG Vibroplex
Co. Inc. 2. Make a simple device, stable retention yuschee normal "bug" in
an inverted position. Canadian designers firm WILSON MFG. CO., Taking
orders from water tary agencies have developed a highly original BUG model
SA100, on which can handle a southpaw, just putting it on the upper leg
(Photos 14 and 15). Photo 14 Photo 15

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17 Part 2 WORKING FOR BUG-e with two handles If semi-automatic BUG and even
studied in all their design options, ranging from 1904 to the present day,
the BUG with two handles, which are alternately pressing the index finger
vlevo- right can be transferred to a uniform sequence dash telegrafi- Stam
in the world virtually unknown. The fact that such a BUG was made at the
beginning of the Great Patriotic War solely in the USSR for use in
communication lines special services. Benefits semiautomatic with two
handles obvious - excluded noticeable delay in the dash, which is
characteristic of the work on a regular BUG-e with one tion pen. On average
operating speeds of 130-160 characters per minute transfer on BUG-e with
two handles on hearing indistinguishable from transmission electron key,
which indicates the high quality of the transmission in the absence of
"Handwriting", ie some features in the transmission characteristic of
certain Nome operator. Working hand position As a whole the operating
position of the hand and fingers when working on BUG-e two handles with
little different from that for a single. Regulations of the hand and wrist
movements are the same, but a series of dashes - two or more - passed
alternately touching the index finger of the left and right handle (do it
regularly before starting work on the air for two or three minutes - Photo
16). Photo 16

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18 Demonstration describes the motion can watch and listen to, logging on
YouTube UA3AO 384.MOV - 386.MOV. To explain the movements of the hand when
transferring characters denote thumb with the letter "B", and the index -
"Y". Move to the right - "P" move to the left - "L". Right handle is
enabled only for the transmission of knowledge Cove containing two or more
dashes. Let's start with the transmission of numbers: 1 BP-UL-STR-UP-UP 2
BP-UL-STR-UP 3 BP-UL-UP 4 BP-UL 5 BP 6 UL-BP 7 UP-UL-BP 8 UL-STR-UP-BP 9
UP-UP-UL-STR-BP 0 STR ("short zero") UL-STR-UP-UP-UL Note: only 9 and 7
begin with UE A BP-UL UL B-VP In BP-UL-UP UP T-ul-BP A UL-BP E PSU F BP-UL
W UP-UL-BP And BP J PD-UP-UP-TO UL UL UL-BP A BP-UP-BP M UL-UP H UL-BP
About UL-STR-UP P BP-UL-STR-BP P BP-UL-BP With Adapter T UP At BP-UL F
BP-UL-BP X BP C-UL-STR-BP BP B UL-UL-STR-BP W UP-UP-UL-STR u UP-UL-BP-BP-E
UL UL-BP BP Yu-ul-UP B UL-STR BP-I BP-UP-UP-BP? BP-UL-STR-BP!
UE-UL-BP-UL-UP Note: - The transfer of signs, with two dashes at the
beginning, starting with the UP. The desire to learn to work on the BUG-e
with two handles is required Bridges to add to the existing key of the
second handle. Several options for such improvements (photo 17, 18, 19).
The design can be anything, but it should provide a circuit transmission
line movement of the wrist right. Photo 17 Photo 18 Photo 19

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19 The distance between the handles - workspace index finger should be
34-35 mm. Throughout the period of the development work on the BUG-e with
two ruchka- stick to the speed of 120-130 characters per minute. Just as
the pre- achieving error-free transmission for 2-3 minutes, you can
increase the velocity rate of up to 150 characters, but if a particular
fondness for QRQ not, can this and not to do. Quality transmission at a
speed of 120-130 characters per minute will be guaranteed. Compared with
the work on the electronic key, BUG more "obedient" and when operating at
the same speeds, the probability of errors, BUG-e below, than the
electronic key. Here are some modified models BUG-s, equipped with a second
handle:

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20

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21 CQ BUG Amateur German unification AGCW-DL annually on the third
Wednesday in February conducts competitions in radio telegraph from 19:00
to 20:30 UTC on a range of 80 m, which are allowed to work only BUG-e.
_________________________________ GL & CU ON THE AIR IN BUG TO BUG QSO =
UA3AO member # 6 of The EHSC (Extremely High Speed ​​Club) of The EUCW
Association, aka Mr Bug
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