[ARC5] Solid State 6AL5

Bill Cromwell wrcromwell at gmail.com
Thu Feb 8 12:45:39 EST 2018


Okay...

I have censored my own replies to this escalating thread ;)

73,

Bill  KU8H

On 02/08/2018 12:34 PM, Tom Lee wrote:
> That's hilarious!
>
> We've witnessed the birth of a new genre. Soon, we'll be checking out
> Netflix for "Electrodes Gone Wild" and "Anodes Meet Cathodes".
>
> Tom
>
> --
> Prof. Thomas H. Lee
> Allen Bldg., CIS-205
> 420 Via Palou Mall
> Stanford University
> Stanford, CA 94305-4070
> http://www-smirc.stanford.edu
> 650-725-3383 (public fax; no confidential information, please)
>
> On 2/8/2018 9:29 AM, Peter Gottlieb wrote:
>> Or “cathodes going natural”
>>
>>
>> Peter
>>
>> On Feb 8, 2018, at 12:21 PM, Dennis Monticelli
>> <dennis.monticelli at gmail.com <mailto:dennis.monticelli at gmail.com>> wrote:
>>
>>> In light of current events I suggest we stop using the term cathode
>>> stripping and replace it with cathode undressing.
>>>
>>> Dennis AE6C
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Wed, Feb 7, 2018 at 5:34 PM, Tom Lee <tomlee at ee.stanford.edu
>>> <mailto:tomlee at ee.stanford.edu>> wrote:
>>>
>>>     Hi Mark,
>>>
>>>     You're absolutely right. I've never run any receiver long enough
>>>     for cathode stripping to have been a lifetime limiter, so your
>>>     data makes sense. The one non-PA case for which cathode stripping
>>>     (or, more accurately, its cousin) has shown up is in dc-coupled
>>>     circuits, such as old vacuum-tube op-amps (e.g., the K2-W).
>>>     Getting low offset voltages is challenging enough under ordinary
>>>     circumstances, but "cathode stripping" makes it worse. These
>>>     parametric shifts (which are actually not due to stripping but to
>>>     a drift in interface states at the cathode surface) would never
>>>     be noticeable in ordinary receiver circuits, but they wreak havoc
>>>     with low-level dc-coupled circuits. Aside from offset, they add
>>>     peculiar artifacts to the step response.
>>>
>>>     I suspect the true reason for worries about B+ coming up too fast
>>>     is actually the marginality in many designs, rather than
>>>     stripping. If the rectifier comes up before the rest of the
>>>     circuitry wakes up (and drops less voltage by virtue of its
>>>     solid-stateness), the temporary lack of loading can cause the B+
>>>     to overshoot design values substantially and possibly pop the
>>>     filter cap.
>>>
>>>     But cathode stripping just sounds so much more...technical. :)
>>>
>>>     --Cheers,
>>>     Tom
>>>
>>>     --
>>>     Prof. Thomas H. Lee
>>>     Allen Bldg., CIS-205
>>>     420 Via Palou Mall
>>>     Stanford University
>>>     Stanford, CA 94305-4070
>>>     http://www-smirc.stanford.edu
>>>     650-725-3383 <tel:%28650%29%20725-3383> (public fax; no confidential information, please)
>>>
>>>     On 2/7/2018 5:17 PM, Mark K3MSB wrote:
>>>>
>>>>     Hi Tom
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     The issue of cathode stripping comes up every now and then on
>>>>     the AM related groups as a lot of those guys like to play with
>>>>     the high power tubes, and a lot have broadcast experience with
>>>>     such tubes.  In every case this issue came up the consensus was
>>>>     the same – unless you’re dealing with high power tubes it’s not
>>>>     an issue.    Typically tubes that one needs to be concerned
>>>>     about will specify a time-delay between application of heater
>>>>     voltage and high voltage.  For the tubes that most of us deal
>>>>     with, there’s been no demonstrable data to support that cathode
>>>>     stripping is an issue.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     In the absolute, will using solid state rectifiers shorten tube
>>>>     life?  Probably.   Is it worth worrying about?  Probably not.
>>>>     I’d rather shorten the life of some $2 tubes than have a
>>>>     transformer secondary short to ground taking out a potentially
>>>>     irreplaceable part (or one costly to rewind).    Halllicrafter
>>>>     HT transmitter series transformers are notorious for this
>>>>     failure mode.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     While one typically uses a dropping resistor when building a
>>>>     solid state rectifier replacement they are not always
>>>>     necessary.    I’m working on a Johnson Valiant and the voltage
>>>>     drop on the HV 866 rectifiers was so small it wasn’t worth
>>>>     it.     For the Bias and LV circuits I certainly used a dropping
>>>>     resistor.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     Concerning your comment of circuits designed with small margins,
>>>>     you’ll run into this even if you don’t use solid state
>>>>     rectifiers as line voltages are higher now than 50 years ago.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     73 Mark K3MSB
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     On Wed, Feb 7, 2018 at 5:10 PM, Tom Lee <tomlee at ee.stanford.edu
>>>>     <mailto:tomlee at ee.stanford.edu>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>         One should definitely take care when replacing vacuum tube
>>>>         rectifiers with solid-state ones. The much higher efficiency
>>>>         of the latter can lead to overvoltages, so if the B+ supply
>>>>         was designed with small margins to begin with, the
>>>>         solid-state rectifiers can produce a nice bang and let out
>>>>         all the magic smoke.
>>>>
>>>>         Someone earlier pointed out another important consideration:
>>>>         If the B+ comes up well before the tubes warm up, that can
>>>>         cause "cathode stripping" and accelerate the wearout of the
>>>>         tubes. So even if you solve the overvoltage problem (e.g.,
>>>>         by adding zeners or resistors), there still remains the
>>>>         cathode stripping danger.
>>>>
>>>>         For AGC/AVC circuits, too, there can be many problems. I've
>>>>         analyzed a number of AVC loops, and a fair fraction actually
>>>>         have little right to work. To the extent that second-order
>>>>         effects seem to keep them from going unstable, any changes
>>>>         from the original design run the risk of making the loop
>>>>         fall off the cliff -- Murphy decrees that it can only go
>>>>         that way, despite the seeming 50/50 partitioning of outcomes.
>>>>
>>>>         Me, I like the warm glow of thermatrons, so I leave them in
>>>>         except in a very few circumstances (ratio detectors often
>>>>         benefit nicely from a switch to silicon, for example).
>>>>
>>>>         Cheers,
>>>>         Tom
>>>>
>>>>         --
>>>>         Prof. Thomas H. Lee
>>>>         Allen Bldg., CIS-205
>>>>         420 Via Palou Mall
>>>>         Stanford University
>>>>         Stanford, CA 94305-4070
>>>>         http://www-smirc.stanford.edu
>>>>         650-725-3383 <tel:%28650%29%20725-3383> (public fax; no
>>>>         confidential information, please)
>>>>
>>>>         On 2/7/2018 12:50 PM, Richard Knoppow wrote:
>>>>
>>>>             FWIW, when I got one of my SP-600-JX's it had a solid
>>>>             state rectifier in place of the 5R4. I removed it
>>>>             because I found all the voltages were too high. This was
>>>>             not from high line voltage, I checked that, it was the
>>>>             rectifier. When replaced with a standard 5R4 all were
>>>>             OK. This is a molded case made of resin of some sort on
>>>>             a standard tube base. I forgot about this until this
>>>>             thread and have no idea where to look for it but it had
>>>>             a label and was not home made.
>>>>                 As fare as using solid state diodes for AVC, I think
>>>>             perhaps the difference in minimum voltage and effects of
>>>>             contact potential might require a change in the bias for
>>>>             AVC delay. I have not tested this. You may be aware that
>>>>             it has been standard practice since about the mid-1940s
>>>>             to put a dropping resistor in the filament of 6H6 and I
>>>>             think also 6AL5 tubes when used as noise limiters. This
>>>>             affects the contact potential and reduces the effects of
>>>>             hum from heater to cathode leakage. Obviously it would
>>>>             have no effect on solid state diodes. BTW, I have never
>>>>             found any technical paper about the filament resistors
>>>>             but all receiver manufacturers began to add them about
>>>>             the early to mid-1940. You would think the standard
>>>>             engineering texts would have something. Maybe I missed
>>>>             it but if anyone knows please tell me.
>>>>
>>>>             On 2/7/2018 12:29 PM, J Mcvey via ARC5 wrote:
>>>>
>>>>                 I'm curious...
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>                 On Wednesday, February 7, 2018 12:39 PM, John
>>>>                 Watkins <jpwatkins9 at yahoo.com
>>>>                 <mailto:jpwatkins9 at yahoo.com>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>                 I have the metal case off of one of my mil 6AL5s, it
>>>>                 is encased in an amber colored epoxy.  I could
>>>>                 remove enough to see exactly what is in there and
>>>>                 provide a few pictures if it would be of interest.
>>>>
>>>>                 John WD5ENU
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
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>>>
>>>
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-- 
bark less - wag more


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